1. The nervous pathway SHANDONG UNIVERSITY Liu Zhiyu

2. 一、 Sensory Pathways

3. proprioceptive and fine touch pathway of trunk and limbs

4. 1. proprioceptive and fine touch pathway of trunk and limbs
Primary Neuron
Cell bodies are located in the ganglion of spinal n.
transmit sensory input from joint, muscle, tendon to the posterior funiculus of the spinal cord
form the Fasciculus cuneatus and Fasciculus gracilis

5. 1. proprioceptive and fine touch pathway of trunk and limbs
Secondary Neuron
Cell bodies are located in Nucleus gracilis and Nucleus cuneatus
Send out fibers Cross to the opposite by decussation of medial lemniscus
Ascends as medial lemniscus
Third Neuron
cell bodis are located in the thalamus
send out fibers to form central thalamic radiation project to the somatic sensory cortex

6. III II I VPL nucleus Medial lemniscus Nucleus gracilis
central thalamic radiations
Medial lemniscus
Nucleus gracilis
Nucleus cuneatus
Decussation of medial lemniscus II
Fasciculus cuneatus
Spinal ganglion I
Fasciculus gracilis

7. Fasciculus cuneatus (above T4)
1. proprioceptive and fine touch pathway of trunk and limbs
Spinal ganglion
muscles,tendons,joints and periosteum
Central processes
Peripheral processes
ipsilateral posterior funiculus of spinal cord I
Receptor for fine touch in skin
Gracile nucleus cuneate nucleus
Fasciculus cuneatus (above T4)
Fasciculus gracilis
(below T5)
Decussation of medial lemniscus
medial lemniscus II
ventral posterolateral
nucleus (VPL)
supeior 2/3 of postcentral gyrus and posterior part of the paracentral lobule, Precentral gyrus
central thalamic
radiations
Posterior limb of internal capsule
III

8. Pain,temperature and simple touch pathway of trunk and limbs

9. III II I central thalamic radiations ventral posterolateral nucleus
Spinal lemniscus
Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅶ of posterior horn
spinothalamic tract II
spinal ganglia I

10. Pain,temperature and simple touch pathway of trunk and limbs
Primary Neuron
Cell bodies are located in the ganglion of spinal n.
Relay sensory input from the periphery to the posterior horn of the spinal cord
Synapses with the secondary neurons in the posterior horn of spinal cord

11. Pain,temperature and simple touch pathway of trunk and limbs
Secondary Neuron
located in the Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅶ of posterior horn of spinal cord
Send out fibers cross to the opposite side through the anterior white commissures and form the spinothalamic tract
Third Neuron
the third neurons located in the thalamus
send out fibers to form central thalamic radiation project to the somatic sensory cortex

12. Pain,temperature and simple touch pathway of trunk and limbs
Spinal ganglion
Skin exteroceptor
Central processes
Posterior root
Peripheral processes I
Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅶ of posterior horn
Ascending segments
lateral spinothalamic tract (pain and temperature) II
anterior spinothalamic tract (simple touch)
ventral posterolateral
nucleus (VPL)
central thalamic radiations
Posterior limb of internal capsule
supeior 2/3 of posterior gyrus and posterior part of the paracentral lobule
III

13. Pain, temperature and simple touch pathway of head and face

14. III II I central thalamic radiations pontine nucleus of trigeminal n
ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM)
III
central thalamic radiations
pontine nucleus of trigeminal n II
trigeminal ganglion
trigeminal lemniscus I
Spinal tract of trigeminal n.
spinal nucleus of trigeminal n.

15. Pain,temperature and simple touch pathway of head and face
trigeminal ganglion
Skin and mucosa of head and face
Trigeminal n.
Central processes
Peripheral processes
Root of trigeminal n. I
pontine nucleus of trigeminal n.
ventral posteromedial
nucleus (VPM)
trigeminal lemniscus II
spinal nucleus of trigeminal n.
III
central thalamic radiations
Posterior limb of internal capsule
inferior 1/3 of posterior gyrus

16. cortex of paleocerebellum
Spinal ganglion
receptor
cortex of paleocerebellum

17. （三）visual pathway

18. （三）visual pathway Optic n. Optic chiasma
receptor
bipolar cell
ganglion cell
Optic n.
Optic chiasma
cone cell
rod cell
Lateral geniculate
body
Decussation of fibers from nasal halves of retina
Fibers from temporal halves of retina uncrossed
Optic Radiation
Both banks of calcarine sulcus
Optic tract

19. ①
Blindness of eye of corresponding side ②
bitemporal hemianopia of visual field ③
Blindness in nasal half of visual field of corresponding side ④
Homonymous hemianopia of visual field in both eye

20. 2. pupillary reflexes
retina
Contraction of pupil
Optic n.
Sphincter pupillae
Ciliary
ganglion
Optic chiasma
Postganglionic fibers
Oculumotot n.
Optic tract
Ciliary ganglion
E-W nucleus
Brachium of superior colliculus
Pretectal region
Oculumotot n.
accessory nuclei of III
Pretectal region

21. 2. pupillary reflexes

22. The acoustic(auditory) pathway
medial geniculate body
acoustic radiation
inferior colliculus
cochlear nuclei
Spiral organ
cochlear ganglion

23. The acoustic(auditory) pathway
cochlear nuclei
cochlear ganglion
Trapezoid body
Spiral organ
Cochlear nerve
Lateral lemniscus
medial geniculate body
inferior colliculus
acoustic radiation
transverse temporal gyri
Brachium of inferior colliculus
Posterior limb of internal capsule

25. III II I VPL nucleus Medial lemniscus Nucleus gracilis
central thalamic radiations
Medial lemniscus
Nucleus gracilis
Nucleus cuneatus
Decussation of medial lemniscus II
Fasciculus cuneatus
Spinal ganglion I
Fasciculus gracilis

26. III II I central thalamic radiations ventral posterolateral nucleus
Spinal lemniscus
Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅶ of posterior horn
spinothalamic tract II
spinal ganglia I