1. Golgi Apparatus
By Kirsten Lydon

2. What is a Golgi apparatus?
Sometimes called a Golgi body
A flattened stack of membranes that form a complex structure
Individual stacks are called cisternae
Latin for “collecting vessels”
Cisternae vary in number
1 to a few in protists
20 or more in animal cells
Several hundred in plant cells

3. Artist’s depiction
Real life image

4. What does it do?
Functions include the collection, packaging, distribution, and modification of molecules
These molecules are synthesized in one location of the cell and are used in another.
Some may leave the cell through the cellular membrane
Like the mailroom of the cell
A vesicle transporting proteins out of the cell

5. What does it do? (cont.)
Proteins and lipids made on the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are modified as they pass through the Golgi apparatus
ex. The addition or modification of short sugar chains which make:
Glycoproteins and glycolipids
It also synthesizes cell wall components
Noncellulose polysaccharides that form the cell wall of plants are synthesized in the Golgi body.
Afterwards, they are sent to the plasma membrane and are added to cellulose which assembles the exterior of the cell.

6. The Golgi doing different jobs

7. It has a front and back The front is called the cis face
Usually found near the ER
Materials enter the Golgi body in transport vesicles that come from the ER
Lumen
Cavity where proteins, to be secreted by the cell, are packaged in vesicles to be released
The back is called the trans face
Materials are discharged from this face in secretory vesicles
Lysosomes
Come from the Golgi apparatus
Contain a high level of degrading enzymes

8. How does it move materials?
It is proposed that material moves through the cell by means of:
cisternal maturation
Transport of vesicles between cisternae
And direct tubular connections
The primary accepted method of transport is cisternal maturation
When individual cisternae mature from early cis to late trans
Because the cisternae are so tightly stacked together it is hard to give a definitive answer as to how transport actually occurs.

9. Protein transport through endomembrane system

10. Connected to Alzheimer's disease
It is an irreversible, progressive brain disease that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills.
Causes dementia and eventually death
In Alzheimer’s disease, the Golgi bodies seem to fall apart or become fragmented as it progresses.