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4. Phases of Matter What is a Fluid? Introduction Fluids > Introduction Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.www/boundless.com/physics?campaign_content=book_624_section_91&campaign_term=Physics&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_mediu m=direct&utm_source=boundless

5. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Appendix

6. Key terms enthalpy the total amount of energy in a system, including both the internal energy and the energy needed to displace its environment fluidity A measure of the extent to which something is fluid. The reciprocal of its viscosity. plasma a state of matter consisting of partially ionized gas shear stress The component of stress that causes parallel layers of a material to move relative to each other in their own planes. sublimation the transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor state such that it does not pass through the intermediate, liquid phase viscosity A quantity expressing the magnitude of internal friction in a fluid, as measured by the force per unit area resisting uniform flow. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Fluids

7. Four Fundamental States of Matter Four fundamental states of matter: 1) top left corner corresponds to solid; 2) top right corner corresponds to liquid; 3) bottom left corner corresponds to gas; 4) bottom right corner corresponds to plasma. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. CC BY-SA http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Four_Fundamental_States_of_Matter.png View on Boundless.comCC BY-SAhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Four_Fundamental_States_of_Matter.pngView on Boundless.com Fluids

8. Gas The particles are much farther from each other, usually a farther length than the size of the particles, and move a lot Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "State of matter." CC BY http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter View on Boundless.comCC BYhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matterView on Boundless.com Fluids

9. Solid Solids are in a state of matter that maintains a fixed volume and shape. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Stohrem." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stohrem.jpg View on Boundless.comCC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stohrem.jpgView on Boundless.com Fluids

10. Liquid Liquids maintain a fixed volume, but their shape will mold to the shape of the container they are being held in. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Teilchenmodell Fluessigkeit." GNU FDL 1.2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Teilchenmodell_Fluessigkeit.svg View on Boundless.comGNU FDL 1.2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Teilchenmodell_Fluessigkeit.svgView on Boundless.com Fluids

11. Plasma Matter in the plasma state has variable volume and shape, but as well as neutral atoms, it contains a significant number of ions and electrons, both of which can move around freely. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Electron Sea (Plasma)." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Electron_Sea_(Plasma).jpg View on Boundless.comCC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Electron_Sea_(Plasma).jpgView on Boundless.com Fluids

12. States of Matter This figure illustrates the relationship between the enthalpy of a system and the state of matter that the system is in. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Physics matter state transition 1 en." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Physics_matter_state_transition_1_en.svg View on Boundless.comCC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Physics_matter_state_transition_1_en.svgView on Boundless.com Fluids

13. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Fluids Which of state of matter maintains both a fixed volume and shape? A) Solid B) Liquid C) Gas D) Plasma

14. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Fluids Which of state of matter maintains both a fixed volume and shape? A) Solid B) Liquid C) Gas D) Plasma

15. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Fluids Which of the following stresses are ideal fluids subjected to? A) Shear stress and, of normal stresses, only tensile stress B) Both normal stresses C) Shear stress and both normal stresses D) Shear stress and, of normal stresses, only compressive stress

16. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Fluids Which of the following stresses are ideal fluids subjected to? A) Shear stress and, of normal stresses, only tensile stress B) Both normal stresses C) Shear stress and both normal stresses D) Shear stress and, of normal stresses, only compressive stress

17. Attribution OpenStax CNX. "OpenStax College, What Is a Fluid?. September 17, 2013." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m42186/latest/CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m42186/latest/ Wikipedia. "Fluids." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FluidsCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluids Wiktionary. "shear stress." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/shear+stressCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/shear+stress Wiktionary. "fluidity." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fluidityCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fluidity Wiktionary. "viscosity." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/viscosityCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/viscosity Wikipedia. "State of matter." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matterCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter Wiktionary. "plasma." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plasmaCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plasma Wiktionary. "enthalpy." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/enthalpyCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/enthalpy Wiktionary. "sublimation." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sublimationCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sublimation Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Fluids