1. History of Aboriginal Peoples from Dharumbal Country now known as Rockhampton By Wade Mann Presented by Janine Young

2. Welcome to Country & Acknowledgement to Country ▪ Wade Mann an Elder from Dharumbal will be presenting Welcome to Country. This will be followed by Dancing and Digeridoo presentations. ▪ Janine Young will thank Wade Mann and family for their presentation and present Acknowledgement to Country. ▪ ‘Acknowledgement to Country’ “We acknowledge the traditional custodians, the Dharumbal Peoples, and pay our respects to their Elders past, present and future, for they hold the memories, the traditions, the culture and hopes of Aboriginal Australia. We must always remember that, this land was, is and always will be Aboriginal land.”

3. The difference between ‘Welcome to Country’ & ‘Acknowledgement of Country’ ▪ Both ‘Welcome to Country’ and ‘Acknowledgement of Country’ recognise the unique position of Aboriginal People in Australian culture and history and show respect for Aboriginal Peoples. ▪ ‘Welcome to Country’ is a ceremony where traditional owners, usually elders, welcome people to their land. ▪ ‘Acknowledgement of Country’ is a way that all people can show awareness and respect for Aboriginal culture and heritage and the ongoing relationship the traditional owners have with their land. (Creative Spirits 2015)

4. Wade Mann Will Present ▪ Opinion on Reconciliation ▪ Structure of Land ▪ Boundaries ▪ Maps ▪ Clans ▪ Totems

5. Structure of Land/Maps

6. Wade Mann’s Life Journey Buderoo us Wade Mann’s totem, which is a frog and means “the bringer of rain.” Wade Mann is from Darumbal, he was born in Rockhampton in 1964 and raised by his grandparents at Ogmore. He moved to Rockhampton for high school in 1977 and attended North Rockhampton High. At this time he was living with his mother and step-father. He did a year at Tafe and worked 5 years in the railway. He then moved to Darwin for 6 months then moved back to Rockhampton. He worked odd jobs for the next 7 years. ▪ 2 & ½ years at the sawmill ▪ 2 & ½ years at the Lakes Creek Meat works ▪ 6 months Truss building ▪ 3 months fruit picking & 6 months professionally fishing the river ▪ 9 years at the railway ▪ 2 & ½ years working as a Indigenous Employment Training Support Officer at Dharumbal Photo: Wade Mann Source: Cultural Awareness Training

7. Wade Mann’s Life Journey Cont.…. ▪ 5 years in the State Government as a Indigenous Employment Training Support Officer ▪ 11 years as a Security Officer and owned his own Security business for 5 years Stadium Night Club Security ▪ At the start of 2013 began delivering Indigenous Cultural Awareness Training Committees Chairperson of CDEP Vice President of CQAICCA Chairperson of Dharumbal Youth Service Currently on the board as a Indigenous Representative for the Fitzroy River Coastal Catchment committee. He spent 2 years as Chairperson of NAIDOC Capricornia (2012 &2013) ▪ Wade has 7 children and was a single Dad with the first 4 children ▪ Married in 2012 ▪ Played Rugby League for Rockhampton All Blacks ▪ Played 15 years for City Rugby Union ▪ Wade and a small team of volunteers started up All Blacks Junior Rugby League. Member for 7 years and president for 3 years ▪ 6 year with North’s Junior Rugby League and was president for 2 years ▪ Martial Arts for 3 years and fought a number of state titles ▪ Represented Central QLD in the Silver Spike Rail race and made the QLD side and competed against NSW

8. Traditional Dancing & Storytelling Traditional Dancing ▪ If you are welcomed by Aboriginal Peoples by dance, then you will be protected while on their land Storytelling Yarning Circle Everything has a story Teaches discipline Elders are keepers of history and knowledge Handprints Animal pictures Photo: Mattahius Mann Source: Cultural Awareness Training

9. Language ▪ Bupadoo means God ▪ Woora means ‘Kangaroo poo’ and Binda means ‘sit.’ ▪ Yaamba Road in Rockhampton means ‘home.’ Photo: Dharumbal Language Source: Cultural Awareness Training

10. Initiation ▪ Initiation is always different depending on what Aboriginal Country of Australia it is practiced ▪ Boys are 15 years old when they start initiation ▪ Initiation teaches about medicines, hunting, making tools and weapons and rituals Photo: Kangaroo Source: Telegraph

11. Marriage ▪ Male and female have two bands on each arm ▪ Female has a band around her head and a feather ▪ The feather is used to marry the couple

12. Hunting & Making Weapons and Tools ▪ Go walkabout – for seasonal food ▪ Circle different areas within 12 months ▪ Revitalise the land by burning off ▪ They don’t over fish ▪ Lily pads ▪ Solder Crabs ▪ Rocks ▪ Message Runner ▪ Oysters ▪ Quartz rocks are use to make weapons ▪ Nulla Nulla’s are used for hunting and wars Photo: Boomerang Source: Cultural Awareness Training Photo: Nulla Nulla Source: Cultural Awareness Training

13. Scarred Trees/Use of Trees & Burials ▪ Alton Downs has a scarred tree ▪ ‘Scarred Trees’ are where a section of the tree is cut out to make something ▪ Make canoes out of Iron bark trees Burials Body is put on the ground to let the body and flesh go back into the earth Bones are put in a paper bark tree Funerals are called ‘Sorry business’ Photo: Scarred Tree Source: Wikipedia

14. Smoking Ceremonies ▪ Cleanses areas, removes evil spirits and can make spirits return to their own land ▪ Suicide ▪ Drugs and alcohol ▪ Only on your own land or need permission to conduct on other peoples land ▪ Sandalwood can be used for smoking ceremonies ▪ Bora Ring

15. Massacres This is about understanding the past and moving forward, not laying blame. The massacres occurred from the 1600’s to the 1800’s. Myall Creek June 1838 Killing of up to 30 unarmed Aboriginals on the 10 th of June 1838 Kepple Island (Woppaburra) Mid 1860’s to 1902 Lucas made 200 Aboriginal people from Woppaburra plough and pull the plough, this went on to 1902. ▪ Archable Neston – Walter Roff ▪ Archable took Aboriginals away from Keppel Island. Some were put on Frazer Island, Cherbourg, Palm Island and Woorabinda. ▪ Kanomie (North Keppel Island) Aboriginals were drowned by the high tide while hiding from invaders. ▪ Emu Park

16. Massacres Cont.…. Gawula – Mid 1860s Captain Wheeler Initiated Man – Overlooks all of Dharumbal land. Captain Wheeler – went to court for killing 8 Aboriginal People, charged with contempt of court and not the massacres NAIDOC ceremonies Glenmore Homestead 18 Darumbal people were shot in July 1865 Shooting licences Morinish 17 th June 1867 – 6 Aboriginal People were shot while they slept by native police Canoona 1856 Phillip Elliot Canoona had a gold rush with 15000 miners. Phillip Elliot brought in the Native Police and wiped out the Aboriginal Peoples. No records of these Aboriginal People since this massacre

17. Massacres Cont.….. Shoalwater Bay Aboriginal Peoples were killing cattle, Native Police were called and they were killed. Hornet Bank 1857 – 1859 Taroom – Dawson River Fraser Family homestead on the river Goulbolba Hills 1869 300 Aboriginal men, women and children were shot dead or herded into the river to drown.

18. General Information ▪ In 1820 QLD became a state. Customs house in Rockhampton was where Aboriginals were hanged. The Post Office in Brisbane was also used for the same thing. ▪ 10000 Aboriginals were killed, 1000 Europeans were also killed. Mt Isa was one of the strongest Aboriginal groups (Kalkadoon people) ▪ Robert Ross settled in Yeppoon. Ross creek was named after Robert Ross. He went to Mt Morgan to get soil and took it to Taranganba, the soil was used to help with gold. But no gold was found. They tried to prosecute Ross. Troubled kids in the community are mainly troubled because they don’t know where they come from. This is all to do with identity. ▪ Taroom people were forced to walk 160kms to Woorabinda. 300 Cape Bedford people were removed to Woorabinda in the middle of winter, many died of pneumonia. 70 people from Cape Bedford died before they were taken back to Cape in the 1940s.

19. General Information Cont.…. ▪ Red hill was a hunting area. Artefacts were found at Lawrence's Motors before it was constructed. The Dreamtime centre is where Americans camped in WWII. ▪ The last Aboriginal man to be removed from the land was Sunny Sunflower from Shoalwater bay in 1930. ▪ The cemetery in Rockhampton was where the Aboriginals lived/camped. ▪ Stolen generations are scared of the police because they were the ones that took people away. Elders do not have respect for police for the same reasons.

20. Yarning Circle ▪ Everyone is welcome to get something to eat and we will form a yarning circle to discuss what reconciliation means to us and ideas for future events of reconciliation. Thank you all for coming!!

21. References ▪ Creative Spirits 2015, Welcome to country and acknowledgement to country, viewed 6 th August 2015, http://www.creativespirits.info/aboriginalculture/spirituality/welcome-to- country-acknowledgement-of-country#axzz3i0KHFsfW. http://www.creativespirits.info/aboriginalculture/spirituality/welcome-to- country-acknowledgement-of-country#axzz3i0KHFsfW ▪ Mann, W 2015, Cultural Awareness Training, attended June 2015, Rockhampton.