1. Forms of Government Chapter 1:2 Contributions of Ancient Athens and Rome

2. Democracy rule of the people originated in Athens, Greece, between 750 and 550 B.C. controlled by an oligarchy of wealthy citizens

3. Oligarchy a government in which a small group exercises control, especially for selfish purposes often control the civil, judicial, military, and religious functions of government

4. Direct Democracy a system of government where political decisions are made directly by the people rather than by their elected representatives

5. The Public Forum: Direct democracy at work.

6. Contributions of Athens majority rule equality of all citizens civic obligation

7. Limitations of Athenian Democracy very few people were actually considered citizens government leaders chosen by lotteries

8. Republic aka representative democracy a nation or state in which the citizens elect representatives to manage the government established by Rome in 509 B.C.

9. Roman Social Order Two main classes:

10. Patricians the upper class of wealthy landowners

11. Plebeians the lower class of merchants, shopkeepers, artisans and small farmers

12. Contributions of Rome laws were written down (were eventually inscribed on twelve tablets and displayed in the Forum, or market place) judges were required to handle all cases in a similar fashion

13. The Roman Forum

14. Principles of Roman Law used in the United States all free men equal before law a person is presumed not guilty until proven guilty circumstances and motive of the accused must be considered some rights cannot be abridged