1. The Right to the City Mark Purcell Department of Urban Design & Planning University of Washington, USA

2. Puerta del Sol, Madrid Syntagma Square, Athens Que se vayan todos No nos representan For a long time decisions have been made for us, without consulting us. We…have come to Syntagma Square… because we know that the solutions to our problems can only be provided by us. We call all residents of Athens…and all of society to fill the public squares and to take their lives into their own hands. In these public squares we will shape our claims and our demands together.

3. Use rights of inhabitants over Property rights of owners Use value of urban space over Exchange value of urban space Two Approaches Liberal-Democratic Approach Lefebvres Approach

4. Liberal-Democratic Rights Legal strategies Rights as ends Addition to existing lists of rights Guaranteed by the State Liberal Democracy Public/Private Rights as protection of individual liberty Elections, parties, laws, state institutions Montreal Charter of Rights and Responsibilities Mexico City Charter for the Right to the City City Statute in Brazil Right to the City Alliance in USA European Charter for Human Rights in the City World Charter for the Right to the City

5. Lefebvres Right to the City 1901-1991 French Communist Party Stalinism Paris, 1968 Radical democracy beyond the state and beyond capitalism

6. New Contract of Citizenship Right to information Right to the city Right to difference Right to autogestion

7. Autogestion Self-management Contract is a point of departure for a renewal of political life In which people become active and appropriate their own power Dictatorship of the proletariat Deepening of democracy Withering away of the state and of capitalist social relations

8. Industrial city Industrial City Private property, exchange value Separation, segregation, homogenization Passive and isolated consumers Habitat Commodities, production, consumption Economic growth Oligarchy: managed by elites The neoliberal city The Society of the Spectacle

10. Urban society Urban Society Inhabitants appropriate urban space, use value Interaction, encounter, collective politics Together-in-difference Linhabiter Creation (poiesis) Human development (free development of each…) Democracy: managed by all inhabitants Urban autogestion Industrial City Private property, exchange value Separation, segregation, homogenization Passive and isolated consumers Habitat Commodities, production, consumption Economic growth Oligarchy: managed by elites The neoliberal city The Society of the Spectacle

12. Commonality and Difference not-capitalist-consumers not-state-subjects Inhabitants/Users as:

13. Right to the city as a point of departure; opens a path toward urban society A Practicable Utopia Extrapolate a possible world from actual practices It helps us see the possible in the actual

14. Seek and learn to recognize who and what, in the midst of inferno, are not inferno, and help them endure, give them space. --Italo Calvino, Invisible Cities

15. The inferno of the living is not something that will be. If there is one, it is that which is already here, the inferno that we inhabit every day, that we create by being together. There are two ways to escape suffering it. The first is easy for most: accept the inferno and become such a complete part of it that you no longer know it is there. The second is risky and requires vigilance and continuous attention: seek and learn to recognize who and what, in the midst of inferno, are not inferno, and help them endure, give them space. Italo Calvino, Invisible Cities (1972), p. 164)

16. L'inferno dei viventi non è qualcosa che sarà; se ce n'è uno, è quello che è già qui, l'inferno che abitiamo tutti i giorni, che formiamo stando insieme. Due modi ci sono per non soffrirne. Il primo riesce facile a molti: accettare l'inferno e diventarne parte fino al punto di non vederlo più. Il secondo è rischioso ed esige attenzione e apprendimento continui: cercare e saper riconoscere chi e che cosa, in mezzo all'inferno, non è inferno, e farlo durare, e dargli spazio. Italo Calvino, Le Città Invisibili, 1972