1. OBJECTIVES OF TODAY’S ACTIVITY TOPIC: Reservoirs After today’s activity, you will be able to: Identify movement and/or change of matter as it moves through the water cycle. Define residence time and predict how a system is impacted by changes in residence time.

2. CASUAL PRINCIPLES 1.Gravitational energy, thermal energy and/or chemical energy drive all movement and change of matter on Earth. 2.A system is in equilibrium when energy in the system is balanced. 3.Matter moves and changes to return a system to equilibrium. 4.Energy is needed to break bonds and is released when bonds form. 5.Temperature is a measure of the movement of molecules. Higher temperature means molecules are moving faster.

3. Background: Water Phase Changes http://www.kentchemistry.com/images/links/matter/HeatCool.gif

4. Background: Water Cycle Q. What are the phases of water as it resides in various places in the water cycle? A. Liquid & Gas: precipitation, surface water, ground water, clouds; Gas: atmosphere.

5. Analogy: Simple System vs Water Cycle Reservoirs: Several connected containers of water can serve as a model for the more complex natural water cycle

6. Analogy: Simple System vs Water Cycle Reservoirs: Several connected containers of water can serve as a model for the more complex natural water cycle Water Vapor in the Atmosphere Surface Runoff

7. Analogy: Simple System vs Water Cycle Container AWater Vapor in the Atmosphere Container B Container C Container D Pipe 1Surface Runoff Pipe 2 Pipe 3 Pipe 4

8. Analogy: Simple System vs Water Cycle Reservoirs: Several connected containers of water can serve as a model for the more complex natural water cycle Water Vapor in the Atmosphere Surface Runoff Liquid Water in Clouds Precipitation Reaching the Ground Surface Water Stored in Lakes Condensation Precipitation Evaporation

9. Identifying Phase Changes Simple SystemWater CyclePhase Container AWater VaporGas Container B Container C Container D Pipe 1Surface RunoffLiquid Pipe 2 Pipe 3 Pipe 4

10. Residence Time Q: What would happen to the simple system if you made the hole in the restriction in pipe 4 larger? A: Water would move from Container B to Container C at a faster rate. This means water would stay in container B for less time. Therefore there is a decrease in the residence time for water in container B.

11. Inferences Q: What change in the water cycle would be analogous to increasing the size of the hole in Pipe 4? A: Increasing the rate of precipitation

12. Group Work & Homework: Reservoirs Part 2 : Group Work Work in your groups to determine the alignment of the simple model to the water cycle including groundwater and identify causal principles. Fill out the Group Worksheet to turn in at the end of class. Part 3: Homework If you complete your group work, you may start the homework. Please work on your own. This means your answers should be generally unique from other students. Turn in the homework using ANGEL.