1. Workshop 2 Steel Bracket Modified by (2008): Dr. Vijay K. Goyal Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez Thanks to UPRM students enrolled in INME 4058 sections 2006-08 University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez Department of Mechanical Engineering

2. Scope The purpose of this problem is to demonstrate how to solve the displacements and stresses of a homogeneous steel bracket using ANSYS.

3. Problem description F=1000 The plate is fixed at the two holes Solve a 2D stress analysis of the simple bracket shown below:

4. Starting ANSYS From your desktop: Click on: START > All Programs > ANSYS > ANSYS Product Launcher. Here we will set our Working Directory and the Graphics Manager

5. 2. Specify working directory and give a job name. 1. Launch ANSYS product launcher. Starting ANSYS

6. Click the button: Customization/Preferences. On the item of Use custom memory settings type 128 on Total Workspace (MB): and type 64 on Database (MB): Then click the Run bottom. Graphics Setup * This setup applies to computers running under 512 MB of RAM

7. This is ANSYS’s Graphical User Interface window. ANSYS GUI Overview

8. To change title go to file and choose change title. Changing Title

9. Give the simplified version a title such as Steel bracket.

10. Go to preferences and choose structural and leave the h method as the discipline options. Preferences

11. Pre Processing

12. Element type It is important to define the element type for the beam. For this problem we will use solid 8 node82. To chose this element type click: Element typeAdd/Edit/DeleteSolid8 node 82Pre processor

13. In the Element Types window, click on Options, select K3 Plane Stress with thickness, K5 Nodal Stress.

14. Real Constants To define the geometric properties we select real constants. The real constant are the dimensions that must remain constant during the design. These constants are:thickness, among others. For the wall thickness TKWALL: 5 mm To chose the real constants click: processor Real ConstantsAdd/Edit/Delete

15. To define the element material properties we choose material models. Our material will have a Modulus of Elasticity of 70,000 (MPa) and a Poisson’s ratio of 0.33 To add material properties click: Material properties PreprocessorMaterial PropsMaterial Models Structural Linear ElasticIsotropic When the pop up window appears, write the modulus of elasticity and the Poisson's ratio

16. Geometry of the steel bracket Create the main rectangular shape. –The main rectangular shape has a width of 80 mm, a height of 100 mm and the bottom left corner is located at coordinates (0,0). To create this click: PreprocessorModelingCreateAreasRectangleBy 2 corners A pop up window will appear asking for the position of the corners Type 0 Type 80 Type 100

17. This is an illustration of the created rectangle.

18. Create the circular end on the right hand side. The center of the circle is located at (80,50) and has a radius of 50 mm. Click: PreprocessorModelingCreateAreasCircleSolid Circle Type 80 Type 50

19. The new geometry will look like this:

20. Create two circles on the left by using the same procedure as Slide 14 but with different values Slide 14

21. Add a rectangular area to fill in the space between the circles at the left. To do this we use the same procedure as Slide 12 but with different values to create a rectangle by two corners.Slide 12 Type -20 Type 20 Type 60

22. The new geometry will look like this:

23. Now select the “Add Areas” feature from the Booleans Operations Menu. Once we select this option we click on all the areas of the solid. The result should be an undivided solid. Click: PreprocessorModelingOperateBooleanAddAreas

24. Now we create the bolt holes. We create the circular shapes the same way we did previously on Slide 14: Type the numbers shown below for each circle individually.Slide 14

25. Using the Boolean operations we must subtract the circles from the remaining area. Click: PreprocessorModelingOperateBooleansSubtractAreas The new geometry should look like this:

26. Mesh For this problem we will be using the smart size tool since we want a finer mesh since we have holes and there is a stress concentration on that area. Click: PreprocessorMeshingMesh Tool When the pop up window appears set it as the figure to the right. Smart size set to 5 Click Mesh and then Ok.

27. The solid should now look like this:

28. Choose Circle. Boundary conditions PreprocessorDefine LoadsApplyDisplacementStructuralOn Nodes The following pop up window will appear. Now the boundary conditions are applied to the bolt circles, this is why the displacement in the circle is set on the bolt circles nodes.

29. Place area in center of bolt holes. Click and hold, extending circle to the outer edges of the hole. This will select all nodes on the surface of the hole.

30. The load F will be applied at a keypoint at the bottom of the large circle. To pick this point, we must plot the keypoints. From the menu select Plot, Keypoints, Keypoints. Loads

31. PreprocessorDefine LoadsApplyStructuralForce/MomentOn Keypoints To apply the load click:

32. Select the Keypoint at the bottom of the large circle.

33. Enter: FY: -1000 (Note given in Newtons)

34. Solution

35. To start the solution phase it is important to set the type of analysis. Analysis type We will perform a static analysis since we only want stresses and deflections. To select analysis type click: SolutionAnalysis TypeNew AnalysisStaticOk

36. Now we proceed to solve the problem. To do this click: Solve SolutionSolveCurrent LS Note: When the pop up windows appear click the OK button.

37. A pop up window that says: “Solution is done” will appear after ANSYS finishes solving the problem. Click close

38. Post processing

39. FEM Solution & Plotting Results Now we already developed the geometry, Loads & Displacements and the meshing. We will start with the finite element analysis and obtain the displacements and stresses on the key points. After make the FEM solution we are able to plot the results, in this case the displacements and stresses.

40. Reading Results To read the results click: SolutionGeneral PostprocResults summaryRead ResultsFirst Set Click here

41. To view the results of the applied load we use plot results of the deformed shape. Click: View deflection results Chose def+Undeformed General postprocPlot resultsDeformed shape

42. The deformed shape plot will look like this:

43. To see the results of the deflection we use the nodal solution. Click: General postprocPlot resultsContour plotNodal Solution Stress results

44. The plot will look like this:

45. END of Analysis using ANSYS 10.0