1. Life in Europe What was the Renaissance?

2. Late Middle Ages… Not all bad! ●1215: Magna Carta written: a document that gave English people rights and limited the rights of king ●1271- 1294 Marco Polo goes to China via the Silk Road with uncles and writes a story about the riches there.

3. The Silk Road A route of land and sea trade networks that linked Rome with China 4,000 miles long Time period: ~114 BCE- 1450 CE Used to move goods like silk made in China and wool, gold, and silver from Europe Ideas like Buddhism also spread through the silk road

4. What is a Renaissance? ● Renaissance means “rebirth” ● Can be used to discuss a specific time and place-- Europe in the 14th- 17th centuries (1300s-1600s) Ex: “The Renaissance was an exciting time for artists in Europe.” ● Can be used more generally to discuss the rebirth of anything Ex: “The Red Sox 2004 World Series victory after 86 years of losing created a renaissance in Boston fan pride.”

5. The Renaissance Renaissance: translates to ‘rebirth’; a rebirth in the interest in the classical ideas from ancient Greece and ancient Rome

6. Renaissance- Who? ●European humanists- scholars that studied the humanities (philosophy, history, poetry, Greek and Latin, etc.)

7. Renaissance- What? ●Rebirth of European culture and classical ideas from ancient Rome and ancient Greece ●Easiest to see this ‘rebirth’ in the form of visual art and architecture

8. Renaissance- Where? ●Happened all across Europe but started in Italy

9. Renaissance- When? ●From about 1270 CE- 1600 CE, but it’s hard to nail down exact dates

10. How does the Renaissance change life in Europe? plus…how does this eventually lead to contact between Europeans and Native Americans?

11. ●Plow used (came from China) ●Horses helped plow ●3 field crop rotation - kept fields fertile ●Cleared many fields for sheep pasture - no longer overcrowded land ● Questions to ponder: Who was helped? Who, if anyone, was hurt ? 1. New Farming Techniques:

12. ●Martin Luther questioned the Catholic church and leaders ●Protestors (reformers) did not believe in the Pope’s authority (power) ●New Protestant churches divided Europe ●Jews, Muslims sometimes faced harsh(er) treatment ●Questions to ponder: Who was helped? Who, if anyone, was hurt? 2. New Religion

13. 3. New Wealth ● As Europe recovers from Black Plague, the survivors are better off economically (Why?) ● Wealthier people want trade items- so trade increases ● Some cities/families in Italy become insanely rich because they are at the center of trade I am head of the Medici family. We control the city of Florence, Italy.

14. 4. New Art ● In Middle Ages, all art was supposed to be religious, and focusing too much on the human body was seen as taking focus off God. ● In Renaissance, the scientific study and variety in art were celebrated. Middle AgesRenaissance

15. New Art ● How are these two pictures different?

16. Michelangelo I love this…think I will use my extra $ to fund art!

17. Leonardo da Vinci I love this…think I will use my extra $ to fund art!

18. The School at Athens, with lines to show perspective

19. 5. New Education & Science ● Many universities (Oxford, University of Paris, etc.) shifted focus from religious training to natural sciences

20. 6. New inventions New Ideas ● Scientists also needed patrons to fund their work ● Copernicus, then Galileo, proved earth revolves around sun, not the other way around! ● Johannes Gutenburg – invented printing press (1430’s) Science is important too! I’ll fund some…

21. 6. New Inventions, New ideas ●Printing press meant books available at affordable prices ● Lower classes can read for first time ever ●Best sellers: Bible and Marco Polo’s adventures. ●Questions to ponder: Who was helped? Who, if anyone, was hurt?

22. 7. New tools for exploration ● More accurate compasses: helped sailors know direction ● Astrolabe: helped sailors know distance North/South of equator (latitude) ● Knowing location East-West (longitude) was still quite difficult New travel tools could make me richer.

23. Coming up: Increased Exploration Info of riches from M. Polo Willingness to experiment Frustration w/ land route to Asia New travel tools explorers try to find sea routes to Asia