1. Why did Selena Clamp die aged only 19? What does the evidence tell us about the Clamps living conditions? How do their living conditions compare to others living in towns and cities at that time?

2. TYPHOID is caused by: Germs in your urine and faeces Contaminated water or food Carried by flies landing on food Headaches, fevers, constipation and terrible diarrhoea How did Selena die?

3. What can we say about health in Club Row from these four deaths? 1881 James Clamp, 22, Collier, Coalville Epilepsy/Brain Congestion …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1886 Jane Clamp, 5, Club Row, of Pneumonia. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1891 Selena Clamp, 19, Dressmaker, Club Row of Typhoid, 5 wks exhaustion. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1898 Charles Clamp, 27, Collier, No 5 Pit Whitwick Colliery. Suffocated by carbon monoxide gas in consequence of an outbreak of fire in the roof of the main Intake Road in the Pit WHAT DID THE CLAMPS DIE OF? Could any of these be blamed on their living conditions?

4. Club Row and Stone Row, and Mammoth Street, all known as Coalville place, built by William Stenson for his miners at Whitwick Colliery. The Clamps lived here from at least 1841 to 1901. Now Morrison's!

5. CLUB ROW Brick and Tile Works Coal mine In what kind of environment did the Clamp family live? How would this have affected Selena’s health? Housing estates being laid out.

6. Marshalls Row built 1834 – pulled down 1960s. PLAN OF SIMILAR HOUSES IN COALVILLE No electricity No bathroom No inside water Kitchen is also the Living room The item looking like a sink is the COPPER, for boiling clothes – the same room has a coal house under the stairs In what kind of environment did the Clamp family live? How would this have affected Selena’s health?

7. A genuine photograph of the Clamp House in Club Row. What kind of a place do you think Club Row was to live in? In what kind of environment did the Clamp family live? How would this have affected Selena’s health?

8. How many houses were there in the Row? PH stands for Public House. There were 102 people living here in 1901 in 18 houses. How many people on average lived in each house? Each house had 4 rooms. OVERCROWDING PROBLEMS Answer : on average 6 people lived in each house – which means 3 on average per bedroom. In what kind of environment did the Clamp family live? How would this have affected Selena’s health?

9. 1903: Look at the water supplies for Stephenson’s three streets of Club Row, Stone Row, and Mammoth Street. That is 1 water pump, and three wells for about 77 houses. They do not have taps in the house. Or bathrooms. The toilets may be in the sheds at the bottom of the yard. 115 people per source WATER PROBLEMS In what kind of environment did the Clamp family live? How would this have affected Selena’s health?

10. Privies (toilets) were not connected to sewers. Instead the sewage collected in cesspits under the ground. From time to time night- soilmen cleaned out the cesspits. Often it was left to overflow and would get into the water supply… Great stink – Parliament Smells of POO! In what kind of environment did the Clamp family live? How would this have affected Selena’s health?

11. In what kind of environment did the Clamp family live? How would this have affected Selena’s health?

12. SEWAGE LEAKING INTO THE WATER SUPPLY In what kind of environment did the Clamp family live? How would this have affected Selena’s health?

13. We have some film, taken in the 1930s of some old houses in London from the Victorian period just before they were demolished. The Clamp houses were like this. How would living here have affected Selena’s health?some film

14. What does this evidence tell us? Wealthier people had bigger gravestones! They are taller! Richer, lived longer.. Why – money means better food, houses, living conditions and habits. Hypothesis: Everyone was equal in Victorian times. How far would you agree or disagree based on this evidence? Hypothesis: Everyone wore the same clothes ? Hypothesis: You had a better lifestyle in Manchester? Hypothesis: People loved living in Rutland?

15. Doctor John Snow 1813-1858 A real hero of Medicine. He did not believe that Cholera came from dirty air (miasma) and proved that dirty drinking water filled with human waste spread the disease. He found that nappies from a dead baby killed by Cholera had been dumped in a cess-pit only 3 feet from the water pump in Broad Street, and that the disease had contaminated the water. 61 Londoners died in the epidemic. The pump handle was removed and the disease died down. His theory was rejected, and the pump handle replaced, until other doctors proved it in other epidemics a few years later.

16. John Snow’s original map of 1854

17. Dung Heap Neglected child Children playing in poo with a dead rat Scary Irish immigrant Scavenger Idle Scary eye patch riff raff

18. What would it be like to live in these conditions? How would this have affected Selena’s health?

25. Use page 52-53 “Industry Reform and Empire” RED COVER and pages 48-51 GREEN COVER. Describe the type of housing built in Coalville that the Clamps lived in. Be specific. Explain why there might be a problem with the water supply. Page 54 RED COVER. What is typhoid? Why did Selena die? What does Selena’s death tell us about their living conditions. Read page 98-99 RED COVER. Can you suggest any reasons why the life expectancy improved? Think about the Club Row evidence you have seen. Why did the council knock it down in the 1960s? Why did Selena die?

26. 1. Backstory – linking together: Industrial Revolution changes to Britain – new factories, new power sources, needing workers. 2. context links : people migrated to crowded unhygienic towns for jobs, lots of diseases came in the cramped new towns, like Typhoid. 3. Focus: Coalville was new & crowded, census statistics. Directory description. 4. Clamp family. Family Size, Selena’s Typhoid