1. Our Journey to the Center of the Earth.
Could we journey to the center of the Earth? If so, what do you think it would be like?

2. Actually…. No one has been past the first layer of the Earth.
You will learn how not only does the temperature increase, but so does the PRESSURE

3. Kola Superdeep Borehole

4. Layers of the Earth

5. What are the main layers that make up the Earth’s interior?
1. Crust
2. Mantle
3. Outer Core
4. Inner Core

6. The Crust
The Earth's Crust is like the skin of an apple. It is very thin in comparison to the other three layers. The crust is only about 3-5 miles (8 kilometers) thick under the oceans (oceanic crust) and about 25 miles (32 kilometers) thick under the continents (continental crust).

7. Describe the Crust.
It is the layer of the Earth that forms the outer skin.
It includes both continental land and the ocean floor.

8. Oceanic Crust is crust beneath the ocean & is made of…
BASALT

10. Continental Crust is crust that forms above the ocean & is made up of mostly …
GRANITE

13. Crust 5-40 km thick (3-30 miles)
Continental crust is old, relatively less dense, and made of the igneous rock granite

14. Oceanic crust is young, relatively dense, and made of the igneous rock basalt

15. Oxygen (colorless gas) Silicon (metalloid)
Made of the following eight elements in order of abundance:
Oxygen (colorless gas)
Silicon (metalloid)

16. Aluminum (metal)
Iron
Calcium
Sodium
Potassium
Magnesium

17. Describe the Mantle.
A layer of hot rock material that is located beneath the crust.
Over 82% of Earth’s volume at about 2900 km thick.
Is divided into several layers.
Upper mantle which is made up of the lithosphere & asthenosphere
Lower mantle which is called the mesophere

19. Lithosphere Upper most part of the mantle About 100 km thick
This area is broken into plates that cause the movement felt and seen on the crust through convection currents.

20. Convection Currents
The middle mantle "flows" because of convection currents. Convection currents are caused by the very hot material at the deepest part of the mantle rising, then cooling and sinking again --repeating this cycle over and over.

21. Convection Currents
The next time you heat anything like soup or water in a pan you can watch the convection currents move in the liquid. When the convection currents flow in the asthenosphere they also move the crust. The crust gets a free ride with these currents, like the cork in this illustration.
Safety Caution: Don’t get your face too close to the boiling water!

22. The Lithospheric Plates
The crust of the Earth is broken into many pieces called plates. The plates "float" on the soft, semi-rigid asthenosphere.

23. Asthenosphere Below the lithosphere Part of the mantle
A layer of solid rock that behaves like a fluid (it flows and moves like a liquid).

24. Material is soft rock
Responsible for the movement of the lithosphere—layer of soft rock

25. Mesosphere
Below the Asthenosphere
50 – 75 km thick
Solid rock

26. Mantle Temperature and pressure increase with depth
2,900 km deep= 1,800 miles

27. Elements present are: silicon, oxygen, iron, and magnesium
8700 C = 2,0000 F!

28. Outer Core Liquid iron and nickel 2,250 km= 1,400 miles (thickness)
2,2000 C =4,0000 F
(temperature)

29. The core of the Earth is like a ball of very hot metals
The core of the Earth is like a ball of very hot metals. The outer core is so hot that the metals in it are all in the liquid state.
The outer core is composed of the melted metals of nickel and iron.

30. The Layers of the Earth
© Copyright 2006.  M. J. Krech. All rights reserved.

31. Inner Core Solid iron and nickel 1,200 km= 745 miles 5,0000 C= 9,0400F
HOTTER THAN THE SURFACE OF THE SUN!

32. The Inner Core
The inner core of the Earth has temperatures and pressures so great that the metals are squeezed together and are not able to move about like a liquid, but are forced to vibrate in place like a solid.

33. Draw Me A Picture of the Earth From the Inside to the outside

34. “Earth’s Structure” Brainpop (click and log in)
Credentials: ‘rcps’ for both fields
-Watch the Brainpop video and take the 10 question quiz at the end for a class score.
Earth’s layers Chart
-Use workbook p
(Textbook p ) to list characteristics of each of Earth’s layers
Earth’s Layers foldable
-Use the ‘Earth’s Layers’ chart to create a foldable; see the model
Discovering Plate Tectonics Video Questions
-copy questions into notebook; listen for answers in the video
Plate Tectonics and Boundaries
-skip 4 lines at the top of the page
-copy the Plate boundaries chart onto this page.