2. Fun facts! Skeleton is the bony framework of the body
206 bones in an adult
Four Functions:
Support structure and shape
Protect vital organs
Movement and anchorage of the muscles
Tendons
Ligaments
Mineral storage, calcium and phosphorus
Blood cell formation, hematopoiesis

3. Bone Composition Collagen-chief organic constituent (protein)
Inorganic calcium salts
Cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclast
Periosteum

4. Bone Classification

5. Bone Classification (cont.)
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid

6. Bone Formation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-hlip8agQIA
Initially collagen fibers secreted by fibroblasts
Cartilage deposited between the fibers
Skeleton is fully formed by second month of development (all cartilage)
After the eighth week of fetal development, ossification begins
Childhood and adolescence-ossification exceeds bone loss
Early adulthood through middle age-ossification equals bone loss
After 35, bone loss exceeds ossification

7. The Skull Begins as a fibrous membrane
Ossification center is in the middle
Begins in the middle, radiates outward
Ossification is not complete at birth
Fontanels

8. Bone Growth Grow in length at epiphyseal line
Grown in width by addition of bone to the surface
Controlled by anterior pituitary gland (growth hormone)
Dwarfism
Giantism
Acromegaly

9. Term
Definition
Acro
Extremities
Ankyl/o
Crooked, bent, fused together
Arthr/o
Joint
Brachi
Arm
Burs/o, bursa
A fluid filled sac
Carp
Wrist
Cerv/ic
Neck
Chir/o
Hand
Chondr/o
Cartilage
Cost/o
Rib
Crani/o
Skull, head
Kyph/o
Hump kyphosis
Lord/o
Bending lordosis
Lumb/o
Lumbar region, loin

10. Term
Definition
Myel/o
Spinal cord; bone marrow
Orthr/o
Straight
Oste/o
Bone
Pos, ped, ped/I
Foot
Rachi/o
Spine
Sacr/o
Sacral region
Scoli/o
Crooked scoliosis
Spondyl/o
Vertebra
Synovi/o
Lubricating fluids of joints
Tars/o
Ankle

11. Bone Markings Join one bone to another
Provide surface of attachment for muscles
Create an opening for the passage of blood vessels and nerves
Used as landmarks

12. Bone Markings (examples)
Process-bony prominence
Condyle-rounded, buckle-like prominence usually at a point of articulation
Epicondyle-small projection
Head-rounded, articulating process at the end of a bone
Spine-sharp, slender projection
Tubercle-small, rounded process

13. Bone Markings (cont.) Tuberosity-large, rounded process
Trochanter-large process for muscle attachment
Fossa-depression or hollow
Foramen-a hole
Crest-a sharp ridge

14. Bone Markings (cont.)
Line-ridge of bone that is less prominent than a crest
Meatus-tube-like passage
Sinus/antrum-cavity within a bone
Depression-hollow region or opening
Fissure-narrow, slit-like opening
Sulcus-a groove
Facet-small area on a bone

15. Bone Marrow Yellow marrow Red marrow-hematopoietic tissue
Medullary cavity of long bone
Fat storage
Red marrow-hematopoietic tissue
In children-all cancellous bone
In adults-cancellous bone of the vertebrae, hips, sternum, ribs, cranial bones, proximal ends of femur, humerus
Forms RBCs, platelets, some WBCs; destroys some old RBCs and some foreign material