1. January 6, 2011ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal 1 Proposal for the realization of Santilli's comparative test on the gravity of electrons and positrons via a horizontal supercooled vacuum tube Dr. ir. Victor de Haan BonPhysics Research and Investigations BV, Puttershoek, The Netherlands www.bonphysics.nl Under partial support by The R. M. Santilli Foundation, Grant Number RMS-AM-4673rs82810

2. January 6, 2011ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal 2 Outline Introduction Principle Requirements Conclusions

3. January 6, 2011ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal 3 Introduction e-e- e+e+

4. January 6, 2011ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal 4 Experimental detection: J. J. Thomson (1897) Mass: +9.10938215(45)×10 −31 kg Electric charge:−1.602176487(40)×10 −19 C Magnetic moment: −1.00115965218111 μB (A. H. Compton 1917, G.E. Uhlenbeck S. Goudsmit 1926) Weight: ? History electron e-e-

5. January 6, 2011ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal 5 Experimental detection: C. D. Anderson (1932) Mass / Charge *) : +5.685629(1) 10 −12 kg/C Weight: ? History positron e+e+ *) Mass and charge separately can only be determined from theoretical derived results from experiments on composed particles.

6. January 6, 2011ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal 6 Witteborn-Fairbank (1967) History 51 peV e-e-

7. January 6, 2011ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal 7 History LEAR / PS200 (anti-proton) (1982 – 1996)

8. January 6, 2011ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal 8 Current at Cern

9. January 6, 2011ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal 9 Current: Athena, CERN (anti-hydrogen) AEGIS, CERN (anti-hydrogen interferometer) AGE, Fermilab (anti-hydrogen) Current efforts for anti-gravity focus on neutral anti-matter

10. January 6, 2011ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal 10 Current efforts for anti-gravity focus on neutral anti-matter Reasons for not using anti protons / positrons: electrical forces by Surface potential patches Shift of the electrons in the tube due to gravitational forces Leaking in at the end of the tube Possible off-axis movement of the particle forces due to magnetic fields scattering on residual gas atoms the low yield of  eV positrons questionable usefulness of its precision (1%–0.1%)

11. January 6, 2011ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal 11 What about electron / positron anti-gravity? Current efforts for anti-gravity focus on neutral anti-matter Most objections can be overcome by using a horizontal well shielded flight path

12. January 6, 2011ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal 12 Principle: e-e- e+e+

13. January 6, 2011ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal 13 Principle including focussing:

14. January 6, 2011ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal 14 Requirements:

15. January 6, 2011ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal 15 Requirements: Based on wavelike properties of electron

16. January 6, 2011ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal 16 Requirements: Wavelike properties of electron give focal spot from point source: Airy disk

17. January 6, 2011ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal 17 Requirements: Airy disk < Gravity deflection

18. January 6, 2011ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal 18 Requirements: Resolution limited 0.001 <  < 0.1 Lower level: source strength Upper level: paraxial approximation

19. January 6, 2011ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal 19 Requirements: Resolution limited  = 0.001  = 0.01  = 0.001  = 0.01

20. January 6, 2011ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal 20 Requirements: Surface Patch effect Optical phase along a trajectory: Refractive index as function of potential:

21. January 6, 2011ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal 21 Requirements: Gaussian distributed Surface Patch effect

22. January 6, 2011ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal 22 Requirements: Gaussian distributed Surface Patch effect Horizontal flight path (this proposal): Vertical flight path (Witteborn & Fairbank):

23. January 6, 2011ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal 23 Requirements: Gaussian distributed Surface Patch effect

24. January 6, 2011ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal 24 Conclusions: With current technology the proposed experiment is perfectly feasible Largest challenge is the adequate shielding of the flight path Surface Patch effects have much less influence for the considered geometry Also the other reasons not to use positrons have either much less influence in this geometry or are not valid

25. January 6, 2011ICLATIP-3 Kathmandu University Nepal 25 Thank you for your attention ! Under partial support by The R. M. Santilli Foundation, Grant Number RMS-AM-4673rs82810