1. The Russian Revolution
PowerPoint Presentation & Storyboard Activity

2. Teacher Preparation Supplies Needed:
Copy 1-per-student CLOZE lecture notes/graphic organizer (staple)
Copy 1-per-student Storyboard Directions/Storyboard Template
Colored markers/pens
11x17 poster paper (1 per pair)
Note:
-Have the students create the Storyboard as an assessment. You may consider having them work in pairs.
- video’s should play automatically

3. CA Standard
Understand the causes and consequences of the Russian Revolution, including Lenin's use of totalitarian means to seize and maintain control (e.g., the Gulag).

4. Objective
Students will be able to understand the causes and consequences of the Russian Revolution by completing creating a storyboard.

5. The Soviet Union

6. For over 300 years the Romanov family ruled Russia.
Czar Alexander II ( )
abolished serfdom on March 3, 1881, and introduced many reforms
he was assassinated in 1881
Czar Alexander III ( )
more police and new laws
he also undid many of the reforms that his father had introduced
For over 300 years the Romanov family ruled Russia.
In 1917, the rule of the family came to a violent end.
Czar Nicholas II ( )
disastrous military leader
abdicating in 1917, he was imprisoned by the Red Army
he and his family were killed in the Ural Mountains

7. Film Clip: Rise of Russian Nationalism

8. By 1900, a small industrial revolution was started in Russian cities.
Russia struggled to find a balance between the desire to industrialize and the reality of having a country that was mostly made up of peasant farmers.
By 1900, a small industrial revolution was started in Russian cities.
This led to more problems as Russians tried to understand the new changes…

9. The Russian Revolution

10. The Romanov family ruled Russia for three centuries.
In the mid-1800s Czar Alexander II tried to modernize Russia. He freed the peasants and started reforms.
Unfortunately, Alexander III reversed all of his father’s reforms and turned Russia into a police state.
The Czar left his wife Czarina Alexandra to run Russia.
The Czar and Czarina’s only son was a hemophiliac (dangerous disease for which there was no cure)
The Czarina fell under the influence of Rasputin, a “holy man” who convinced her to make terrible decisions in running the country.
In March 1917, there were popular uprisings all over Russia. The Czar had lost the support of the people and the nobles and he abdicated.
The royal family was out of touch with most Russians.
Nicholas II suffered a humiliating defeat to the Japanese in 1905.
Russia’s entry into the First World War was a disaster.
Weak leadership soon accounted for more than 4 million Russians being killed, wounded, or captured.
The Czar moved to the front to lead the army personally in 1916.
In 1894, Nicholas II became Czar when Alexander III died.
Nicholas II promised to maintain power like his ancestors.
He wanted to modernize Russia to catch up to western industrialization.
His old style of government did not match the demands of an industrializing country.
Industrialized workers and university students started to meet and discuss the ideas of Karl Marx.

11. Film Clip: Rasputin

12. Who is this?
What do you think when you look at this picture?
As an unfortunate Russian, what would you think about your government?

13. The Reign of Nicholas II
Conditions
I. The Tsar Nicholas II
He inherited the thrown in 1894, continuing the Romonov dynasty his family held since 1613.
He was not as popular as his father.
Due to his and his wife’s, Alexandra, personality, the nobles, generals and ambassadors felt alienated.
Their son, Alexi was stricken with hemophilia, a disease.

14. The Reign of Nicholas II
II. Tsar’s Naivete:
A. Nicholas II wrongly believed that Russia faced no serious threats to its stability.
B. He believed that Russians saw him as “little father”.
C. He thought only radicals were dissatisfied with Russian society and the tsarist regime. Many Russians felt this way.
D. Many blamed Nicholas II for Russia’s problems.

15. The Reign of Nicholas II
Results
III. A Politically unstable Russia
Middle-class liberals wanted a democratic constitution to give them rights and break the traditional hold on power held by the Russian nobility.
National minorities, like Poles, Ukrainians, and Lithuanians, resented Russian domination and wanted independence.
Landless peasants sought their own land, workers sought labor unions.
Nicholas II’s secret police persecuted liberals, peasants, minorities, and workers.

16. What event is taking place?
Who is being shot? Who is shooting?
How would such an event affect the Tsar?

17. Bloody Sunday Conditions IV. Bloody Sunday
Sunday, January 22, 1905, Father Gapon, a Russian Orthodox priest, led a peaceful march of workers through St. Petersburg towards the Tsar’s Winter Palace.
Workers wanted to present a petition to the tsar that described the hardships of their life and asking for:
- creation of a constitution
- the right to form unions
- and better working conditions
These people still believed that the tsar’s regime would protect and help them
Palace guards feared that this crowd was revolting and opened fire.
Several hundred workers were killed or wounded.

18. What do you see?
What do the stars around him say?
What is the cartoon’s meaning/message?

19. The 1905 Revolution Results V. The 1905 Revolution
Riots and revolts were sparked by Bloody Sunday
These collective skirmishes were called the 1905 Revolution.
10 days of strikes and demonstrations that completely halted all industry, work and transportation.
The revolution successfully stopped normal daily life in Russia

20. The 1905 Revolution VI. The First Soviets
The intelligentsia – made up of radical, well-educated middle-class people wanted to change Russian society.
Radicals organized workers, peasants, and soldiers into councils called soviets.
Radicals used Soviets to organize the working class and to spread their ideas about change.

21. The 1905 Revolution VII. The Duma:
October Manifesto – October 30, 1905 promised
- people freedom of conscience, speech, assembly, and press.
- a congress, DUMA
- all laws would be approved by the Duma
The tsar appointed half of the Duma to approve, to create laws.
The tsar still had power of the military, foreign policy, and the secret police.
Between , Nicholas shut down four different Dumas.

22. The 1905 Revolution VIII. Stolypin’s Reforms:
Peter Stolypin – Prime Minister
Felt that poor peasants should be given a better life so that they would not join radical groups.
Lands were given creating a new, prosperous class of farmers.
Assassinated in 1911 by radicals in the secret police.

23. What is going on?
Why would the Russians be against the war?
Why was there lack of weapons for soldiers?

24. WWI in Russia Conditions IX. World War I:
Russia was part of the Allies.
Germany declared war on Russia after it found out Russia was mobilizing only because Russia’s transportation system was undeveloped

25. WWI in Russia X. The Army:
Russia was having early success but at the Battle of Tannenburg, it lost 170,000 soldiers.
Transportation of troops and weapons was difficult.

26. WWI in Russia XI. Nicholas at the front, Rasputin at the court
Nicholas was at the front lined during the war so Alexandra controlled day to day business.
She, in turn, gave power to Rasputin, who created scandal due to misconduct and corruptness.

27. WWI in Russia Results XII. Discontent:
Goods were lacking in the markets, food was scarce
Soldiers were upset at the lack of supplies/weapons.
Average of 30,000 casualties a month, many were deserting.

28. WWI in Russia XIII. Destruction during WWI:
Russia lost land to Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Poland, and Romania
Billions of dollars lost in loans, damages, and military.
Huge amount of casualties, more than any other country.

29. What does the pyramid represent?
Aleksei Radakov  The Autocratic System (1917) We reign; we pray for you; we judge you; we guard you; we feed you; AND YOU WORK!
What does the pyramid represent?
What is at which level?
Does this represent the public’s opinion?

30. The February Revolution
Conditions
XIV. The Women’s March:
In 1917, women took to the streets to demand “bread and peace”.
Four days later, 26 soldiers, sailors, palace guards joined factory workers in the streets.
Marchers went to the Duma to seek leadership; many joined them in demanding bread for all and peace.

31. The February Revolution
XV. The Petrograd Soviet:
The soviets met again (hadn’t met since 1905).
The quickly became the center of authority.

32. The February Revolution
XVI. The Provisional Government
Formed by liberal members of the Duma.
Purpose: restore order and establish contact with public organizations and institutions.
It competed with the Petrograd soviet (Executive Committee of Petrograd Soviet) for control.

33. The February Revolution
Results
XVII. The Tsar Abdicates:
He was still at the front receiving cables from the tsarina stating the capital was stable. By the time he traveled back, workers had seized the railroads blocking his entrance into Petrograd (St. Petersburg).
March 2, he signed a proclamation of abdication
Romanov dynasty ended.

34. Film Clip: The Fall of the Russian Monarchy

35. The February Revolution
XVII. Alexander Kerensky:
Dominated the provisional Government.
member of the Executive committee of the Petrograd Soviet.
It was his decision to keep Russia in WWI.

36. Who is this person in the picture?
What did he promise people?
How did he handle the civil war?
Did he follow through with the revolution’s intent?

37. Democracy came to Russia.
In 1917, the Czar abdicated.
Democracy came to Russia.
The Russians set up Soviets – the local branches of workers parties.
In November 1917 Lenin and the Bolsheviks took over power in Russia.
Lenin’s Bolshevik party changed its name to Communists – after Karl Marx’s classless society.

38. Lenin was a dynamic leader. Democracy spread…at first…

39. Lenin and the Great October Revolution
Conditions
XVIII Lenin’s Leadership:
Led the Bolsheviks to be the revolutionary leaders.
In 1903, the Bolshevik party split into Lenin’s faction, the Bolsheviks (majorityists), and the Mensheviks (minorityists).

40. Lenin and the Great October Revolution
XIX. Peace, Land, and Bread:
Lenin was given passage into Russia by the Central Powers in hope of him distracting Russia.
He immediately began denouncing the Provisional government promising peace, bread, and land.
Peace for soldiers,
Bread for workers,
Land for peasants.

41. Film Clip: Peace, Land & Bread

42. Lenin and the Great October Revolution
XX. The Red Guard:
Lenin once again was in exile and Trotsky took his place leading the Bolshevik militia/Red Guard.
They came to the rescue after an army general, Kornilov, sought power in Petrograd.

43. Lenin and the Great October Revolution
Results
XXI. The Russian Revolution:
By October 25, 1917-Trotsky’s troops had seized most of Petrograd and Lenin proclaimed a Bolshevik state.

44. When Russia withdrew from World War I, a civil war broke out.

45. A Civil War devastated Russia
The Revolution was opposed by some Russians (they became known as “White Russians”)
A Civil War devastated Russia

46. Over 15 million Russians die during the Civil War…
Russia would have a difficult time trusting the Allies again…
The Russians at first think that their Revolution would be welcomed by the American and French people (who had also had successful revolutions for freedom and democracy)
American and Allied forces invade and occupy much of Russia
The Russians write letters of goodwill to the Americans…
who immediately send troops into Russia to put down the Revolution…

47. How did Western Nations respond to the Russian Revolution?
Western leaders sent their armies into Russia to overthrow the revolution and restore the Czar.
In the USA
discrimination
white men voted
rich industrialists owned everything
sharecropping
In Russia
equality
everyone voted
workers were given control of factories
peasants were given land
The Russian Revolution might become a dangerous example to the poor in the west.
Western countries were controlled by wealthy leaders who saw the new ideas that the Russians had as dangerous.

48. Lenin and the Great October Revolution
XXII. The Civil War:
A. Lenin nationalized all the land.
B. anti-Bolshevik forces were forming the provinces (called the Whites).
C. War Communism: seizing grain from peasants to feed the Bolshevik troops
D. Secret Police: The Cheka would later become the NKVD.
E. They established the gulag: forced labor camps for political and criminal prisoners, usually Siberia.

49. Lenin and the Great October Revolution
XIII. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk:
A. March 3, 1918, the Bolshevics and Germans signed a treaty making Russia lose:
- 1/3 of its population
- ¼ of its income
- ½ of its industries
C. By 1922, the Bolsheviks won the civil war

50. 1. What do you think Lenin will do to bring prosperity
to the Soviet Union?
2. Who do you predict will lead the U.S.S.R after Lenin
dies?

51. The Soviet Union Under Lenin
Conditions
XXIV: Chaos in Russia by 1922:
A. Lenin hoped to make Russia the model Marxist society ridding it of illiteracy, poverty, and unemployment.
B. Due to Russia’s communist beliefs, the Western nations blockaded it – caused Russia’s industry to halt.

52. The Revolution and Civil War left Russia poor and destroyed.
To improve the economy, Lenin started the NEW ECONOMIC POLICY (NEP). Lenin wanted the economy to develop before Russia could move to a communist state.

53. By 1900, Europe enjoyed the benefits of the Industrial Revolution.
But, what about Russia?
By 1900, Europe enjoyed the benefits of the Industrial Revolution.

54. The Soviet Union Under Lenin
Results:
XXV. The New Economic Policy:
A. Created in 1921, the NEP was “taking one step backward to go two steps forward.” It introduced limited capitalism allowing peasants the right to sell their food in open markets.
B. The government maintained control of major industries.
C. It was a major success bringing prosperity

55. The Industrial Revolution brought about huge changes in society
The Industrial Revolution brought about huge changes in society. Philosophers tried to explain the way that the world had changed. The most influential thinker of the times was a German named Karl Marx...

56. The Soviet Union Under Lenin
XXVI . The Communist Party (the new Bolshevik name):
A. Lenin passed laws to make all people equal, allowing them to vote, including woman.
B. The Church was stripped out of everything.
C. The government began to open public education centers to clinics to educate the public and to offer healthcare to the poor.

57. But Russia had never been through a capitalist phase.
He realizes that the proletariat society does not exist in feudal Russia.
A classless society could only exist once the urbanized working class took control of Russia.
But Russia had never been through a capitalist phase.
So Lenin introduces the NEW ECONOMIC POLICY, making the state develop a kind of capitalist society.
Much of the success of the Russian Revolution comes from the work of Lenin.
He is charismatic and dynamic.

58. Wrap-Up Activity
Complete the Soup Stone Activity: New Economic Policies of Lenin

59. A brutal dictator will take over…
Lenin will die in 1924
A brutal dictator will take over…
Joseph Stalin

60. The End