1. Water Quality in NC Water Quaility Video

2. Types of Pollution Oxygen Demanding Agents: organic waste and manure :Toxic Metals: acids, toxic metals Inorganic Plant Nutrients: n itrogen and phosphorus Organic Chemicals: oil, detergents, pesticides Sediments: erosion, soil

3. Biological Oxygen Demanding (BOD) Agents (I NEED AIR) BOD: Oxygen is removed from water by bacteria Fish can’t live in streams without oxygen Where to find BOD at its highest? Swamps Runoff from agriculture

4. BOD Effects on Water Quality All streams have some ability to breakdown organic waste. Problems occur when a stream is overloaded with organic waste.

5. Toxic Metals Toxic metals that can be absorbed by plants or animal tissues Bioaccumulation occurs where the toxins increase in amounts as you move up the trophic levels. Examples Arsenic Lead Mercury Cadmium

6. Case Study: Arsenic in Groundwater - a Natural Threat Toxic Arsenic (As) can naturally occur at high levels in soil and rocks. Drilling into aquifers can release Arsenic into drinking water supplies.

7. Case Study: Lake Crabtree In 1979 the Ward Transformer plant was found to leak PCB (polychlorinated biphenyls) to surrounding areas near Wake County. The chemical eventually found its was into Lake Crabtree. PCB’s – don’t break down quickly. Concentration levels increase in the food chain, resulting in human exposure in high amounts if the fish are consumed. PCB’s cause liver damage and cancer in adults and birth defects in pregnant women. Please read the article to see the clean up in Lake Crabtree Lake Crabtree Article

8. Inorganic Plant Nutrients: Nitrogen and Phosphorus Sources: Human, animal (e.g., Hog Farms), and industrial waste Storm water Soil erosion Excessive use of fertilizers for crops, lawns, and home

9. Eutrophication is a growth of algae bloom in water and is an accelerated results with human input of nutrients to a lake Eutrophication Water Resources and Water Pollution Water Resources and Water Pollution © Brooks/Cole Publishing Company / ITP Water Resources and Water Pollution by Paul RichWater Resources and Water Pollution by Paul Rich

10. Organic Chemicals Concentrations increase at increasing levels in the food chain – PCBs, DDT, etc. Biomagnification

11. Sediments Sediment (clay, silt) is the #1 source of water pollution. Clouds the water Blocks sunlight for the aquatic plants causing them to die

12. Drinking water (Potable Water) is purified by storage in reservoir (suspended matter settles) treated by sand filters activated charcoal addition of chlorine Drinking Water Quality Water Resources and Water Pollution Water Resources and Water Pollution © Brooks/Cole Publishing Company / ITP Water Resources and Water Pollution by Paul Rich Water Resources and Water Pollution by Paul Rich

13. Water Treatment Stages 1. Screening 2. Aeration 3. pH correction 4. FlocculationFlocculation 5. Sedimentation 6. Dechlorination 7. Filtration 8. Disinfection 9. pH adjustment Sequence of stages in treating our drinking water: isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/ mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppt

14. Municipal Water Purification Plant

15. Sewage or Wastewater Treatment Sewage or wastewater is composed of sewage or wastewater from: Used water and toilet wastes Rainwater Industries Livestock wastes

16. Wastewater Treatment Waste Water Treatment Plants: treat larger volumes of municipal or industrial waste. Septic Tanks: treat small volumes of waste How Septic Systems Work

18. Home Septic Systems  No Chlorine used  Uses a settling tank to settle the solids  Lets waste water percolate into the soil to decompose