2.  1920s – Communism crept into Malaya through a branch of Kuomintang Party (communists in China).  Objective – to overthrow the British government and establish the Communist Republic of Malaya.  MCP had been an underground movement except during the years 1945 to 1948.  The MCP formed the Malayan Races Liberation Army (MRLA), better known as the Three Stars (symbolizing the three main races in Malaya).

3.  MRLA fight for the establishment of the Communist Republic of Malaya.  MCP set up a supply and public spy unit known as Min Yuen.  Functions of Min Yuen; to get food and medical supplies for guerillas in the jungle and to obtain information on British activities.

4.  Malays did not support the communist ideology because it against Islamic teaching.  Indians and most Chinese also were not interested in joining MCP because they were more interested in economics.  Malayan Chinese Association (MCA) was established to safe-guard the interest of the Chinese People and at that time most Malayan citizens were against the violent tactics of the MCP.

6.  Police and soldiers have powers to arrest and detain communist suspects without trial.  The military force imposed roadblocks and curfews( perintah berkurung) in areas where communist activities were rife(merebak).  Citizens aged 12 years and above must register and own an identification card (identity card).

7.  Sir Harold Briggs introduced the Briggs Plan.  Objective – to eradicate communist activities through a strategy to relocate the squatter areas from the edge of the forest to a new village and to launch starvation movement.  1 June 1950, Johore – the relocation plan was started.  February 1952 – more than 400,000 Chinese squatters were relocated to approximately 400 new villages.

8.  Aimed – restricting the Chinese from supplying food, medicine and information to the communist guerrillas who were hiding in the jungle.  This plan weakened Min Yuen activities and forced the communist out of the jungles.

9.  1952 - Sir Gerald Templer replaced Sir Henry Gurney as the High Commissioner of Malaya/military general.  He used firm military force to fight the communists and the military tactics included the use of:  13 battalions of English soldiers, Gurkhas and Malays.  Training 67,000 special Malay soldiers.  1953 - Forming home guards systems with 210,000 of them.  Recruiting assistance from the Commonwealth military such as from Australia, New Zealand and Rhodesia.

10.  Sir Gerald Templer launched the physical warfare by:  Making conditions easier for non-Malays to obtain citizenship.  Pardoning in large numbers of the MCP members who surrendered.  Rewarding people who provided information on the communist terrorists.  Giving out pamphlets calling the communist terrorists to give up their fight.

11.  Introduced the system of “white and black areas”.  Introduced curfews in areas where the soldier were hunting for the communists.  The psychological warfare encouraged the people of Malaya to work together with the government to eliminate the communist terrorists.

12.  I was held at Baling, Kedah  Date : 28 and 29 December 1955  The MCP requested to be legally recognized but the request was turned down.  Representatives  Government  Tunku Abdul Rahman  David Marshall  Tan Cheng Lock  The MCP  Chin Peng  Chen Tien  Rashid Maidin

14.  On 31 July 1960 – Tunku Abdul Rahman proclaimed the end of the emergency.  Failure of the MCP:  The MCP’s offensive acts against the Malayan Union Government.  The lack of support from Malayan citizens.  The lack of protection from other communist countries, such as Russia and China.

15.  The number of people killed included 9,581 MCP members, 2,461 ordinary citizens and 1,851 members of the Security Force.  1,383 peoples were injured while 807 were missing.  Properties were destroyed and the economy was crippled.

16.  The development of new village with public facilities widened the social gap with the people in traditional Malay villages.  The racial issues getting worse when the communists movements mainly Chinese while the police and army forces were Malays

17.  Challenge the people in the country to work together to defeat the communist terrorist.  The British took immediate action to grant independence for the country