1. A Brief History of Russia
(Part II)
From 1917 to Present Day

2. Soviet Era (1917-1991) Rise of the Soviet Union FEDERAL STRUCTURE
REVOLUTION ( )
Bolsheviks vs. Mensheviks vs. The Romanovs
V.I. LENIN (VLADIMIR ILYICH ULYANOV)
FEDERAL STRUCTURE
USSR (UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS) -1924

3. Rise of the Soviet Union
REVOLUTION (1917)
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin
Lenin Introduced Marxist Philosophy
Command Economy
Central Government
makes ALL decisions about
production and distribution

4. SOVIET LEADERS Joseph Stalin Purges of Dissidents killed 30-60 million
Government Control Over ALL Aspects of Soviet Life (5 Year Plans)
Secret Police (KGB) kept citizens under control.
Collectivized Farming (SOVKHOZ)
Concentration on Heavy Industry
Famine caused 6-8 million deaths in (caused by the government)

5. Russia’s Command Economy led to shortages and long lines.

6. Cold War Nikita Kruschev – Cuban Missile Crisis – Oct. 1962
A period of high tension between the USSR and Western Europe and the USA. Lasted from 1945 until 1991
Nikita Kruschev – Cuban Missile Crisis – Oct. 1962
Leonid Breshnev –
Détente policy eased tensions with Europe and the USA

7. SOVIET LEADERS Mikhail Gorbachev –
Perestroika - reforms that led to the end of communism and the Soviet Union
Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster – 100,000 people relocated
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

8. Modern Russia (1991- present):
Introduction of democracy and capitalism.

9. The New Russia 1991 - Present
Leaders – Boris Yeltsin, Vladimir Putin
Ongoing issues with Chechnya
Westernization of Russia
Introduction of outside cultural influences (fast food restaurants)

10. Introduction of Capitalism & Market Economy has improved life for many Russians