1. Production Possibilities Curve
The Production Possibilities Curve illustrates the trade-offs facing an economy producing two goods.
The production possibilities frontier (the line) shows all the possible combinations of the two products using all the available resources.
Since we are using all available resources, increasing the production of one of the goods means decreasing the production of the other good (illustrates the idea of trade-offs).

2. Efficiency
Production is efficient if there is not a way to make some people better off without making other people worse off.
All points on the frontier are efficient.
Any point inside of the frontier is inefficient and shows an underutilization of resources. It represents unemployment within a business or within a country.
Production is allocatively efficient if the mix of goods is what people want to consume.

3. Opportunity Cost
As production of one good is increased, production of the second must be decreased
This loss of production is the opportunity cost: what must be given up.
If the cost is constant the production possibilities curve will be a straight line.

4. Increasing Opportunity Cost
However, economists believe that opportunity costs are not constant along the frontier.
As resources are moved from the production of Smarties to Dum-Dums, increasingly larger amounts of Smarties must be given up to get decreasingly smaller amounts of Dum-Dums.
This happens because resources are not equally suited to the production of both goods.
This is known as the Law of Increasing Costs.

5. Economic Growth
Production outside of the frontier is not possible with current available resources.
However, if there is an increase in land, labor or capital OR technology then the frontier will shift outwards.
A shift out means that more of both products can be produced.
This shift represents economic growth