2. Chronic malnutrition (T/E<-2 ) in students between 6-9 years of age at the district/municipal level in Nicaragua, Costa Rica y Panamá

3. Recurrence of Natural Events by Department (1998-2007) Fuente: EM-DAT Oficina Regional para América Latina y El Caribe PMA

4. Increase in atmospheric and oceanic temperaturesIncrease in atmospheric and oceanic temperatures Reduction and instability in rain patternReduction and instability in rain pattern Increase in sea levelIncrease in sea level Intensification of extremeIntensification of extreme meteorological phenomena meteorological phenomena

6. Map of Central American Municipalities with High Poverty and Areas affected by Recurrent Drought Climate Change Impacts: ProductionProduction Health and NutritionHealth and Nutrition InfrastructureInfrastructure LivelihoodLivelihood

7. ImpactCategories related to climate Direct impacts Heat-Stress TemperatureHeat-Stress Temperature Waves Waves Extreme climate events Extreme climate events Increase in Increase in precipitation precipitation Effects on FNS: AVAILABILITY AVAILABILITY ACCESS ACCESS CONSUMPTION CONSUMPTION BIOLOGICAL UTILIZATION BIOLOGICAL UTILIZATION Indirect Impacts Illnesses transmitted by vectors and rodents. Acute diarrheic illnesses Foodborne and waterborne illnesses. Effects in nutritional state and food security Aeroallergens Effects of Climate Change on Food and Nutritional Security –FNS-

8. INCAP/PAHO in response to the recommendations and resolutions of the Meetings of the Ministers of Health, Environment and Agriculture, 2004,2008 FNS- variability and climate change To support the formulation of regional, national and local public policies which can facilitate adaptation mechanisms to climate change with an inter-sectoral focus in the countries of the region. Provide technical cooperation for the strengthening of: a) surveillance systems and epidemiological evaluation of infectious diseases, diseases transmitted by vectors, and waterborne and foodborne diseases related to climate and the nutritional state of the population with an emphasis on vulnerable groups; b) Early alert systems To share evidence among the health, agricultural, and environmental sectors related to climate change.

9. Continuation To facilitate the establishment of a multi-sectoral association and the creation of knowledge networks at the local, national, and regional levels, facilitating the exchange of information concerning strategies and best practices related to adaptation to climate change. To promote the establishment and relationship between inter-sectoral and interdisciplinary alliances as part of the institutional role in the ERAS and Climate Change Strategies within the context of SICA and the PAHO/WHO Action Plan to protect health from the effects of climate change. To develop an information, education, and communication strategy related to climate change and its impact on Food and Nutritional Security. Training and development of human and financial resources.