1. 1 1 Energy statistics, balances and accounts, Concepts an overview Olav Ljones UNCEEA June 27, 2008

2. 2 UN 1982 Energy Balances Energy Accounts Idea: Put together all production, import, use and consumption, export, measured in one common measure unit. Stocks are inventories not reserves. No clear distinction between accounts and balances. Accounts are linked to energy in National Accounts. Reference to the first law on thermodynamics. Not much is said about the difference between residence and territory principle Energy commodity balance = balance for an individual energy source Transport as a separate sector – is not discussed Energy final use and intermediate energy demand) should be used when energy is transformed to other energy or in non energy production

3. 3 Norwegian history 1974. –Balancing tables for each commodity – Balance sheet of individual form of energy. –Combined for several energy commodities by conversion factors (Terajoule) -> Overall Energy Balance 1980 –A clear distinction between territory and residence principle. Important for Norway since international sea transport was very important sector –Energy balance –Energy accounts include all use of energy by Norwegian NA sectors also abroad. –Reserve accounts for non renewable reserves, coal, crude oil and natural gas (Norway had discovered the oil and gas in the North sea. 1987 An evaluation report of the high SN ambitions for resource accounting. Energy accounts and energy reserves. No comment on energy balances

4. 4 IEA – Eurostat Manual 2005 Commodity balances, in natural units, for each commodity Energy Balances, by the use of conversion factors. Fuel conversion No use of concept energy accounts. Not much is said about territory and residence principle Nothing about reserves

5. 5 Global assessment Energy Statistics and Balances, UN 2007 Energy commodity balances Overall energy balances Energy accounts, may be in both money terms and physical units (not reserves)

6. 6 UN 2008, Global assessement of energy accounts Energy accounts Energy asset accounts Energy flow accounts (for each energy commodity ?) Physical energy asset accounts’ Monetary energy asset accounts Physical energy flow accounts Monetary flow accounts In Q 55 Energy balances listed as a possible data source for energy flow accounts

7. 7 SEEA-E, Draft Ch 1-4 Asset accounts in physical and monetary units (stock accounts) Supply and use tables for energy products in physical and monetary units (flow accounts) Energy related air emission accounts Hybrid accounts Protection expenditure accounts and resource management accounts Physical asset accounts Monetary asset accounts Physical flow accounts Monetary flow accounts Asset accounts for exploration and evaluation activities Physical supply tables for energy products Asset accounts for inventories of energy products

8. 8 IRES Energy balances Energy accounts, bridge tables Supply and use Territory and residence principle Production boundary Energy sources, carriers, commodities Renewable non renewable Flows and stocks, reserves Statistical units – population of units Final use, consumption Units of measurement, Conversion factors

9. 9 Some observations Reserves/resources vs production, use/consumption etc Territory and residence principle Accounts (incl balances), in three different units, tons mone and energy unit For each energy commodity and for all energy sources togheter The use of term “accounts” and the term statistics