1. The Judgment of Thamus --- Chapter 1 of Postman,N.(1993).Technopoly:The surrender of culture to technology Group members: Du Yi Xie Lingen Wu Lin Wang Shan

2. A Story WRITING Thamus Theuth

3. A Story: Judgment about Writing---- as an invention Theuth: : accomplishment to improve memorywisdom

4. A Story: Judgment about Writing---- as an invention MEMORY ---- cease to exercise their memory → rely on writing to bring things to their memory by external signs instead of by their internal resources Thamus: the discoverer is not the best judge WISDOM ---- pupil receive information without proper instruction → filled with the conceit of wisdom instead of real wisdom → be thought of knowledgeable actually ignorant → a burden to the society

5. One error of omission: Writing will be a burden to the society and nothing but a burden → Every technology is both a burden and a blessing; not either-or, but this-and- that  Technophiles: see only new technologies can do but not they will undo  One-eyed prophets: speak only the burdens and silent about the opportunities new technologies make possible

6. A wise man---- to begin his critique of technology by acknowledging its successes: Freud ----as an example With new technology:  Telephone - can hear his own children living far away  Cablegram - Learn about a friend in a long voyage  New medicine - reducing infant mortality and lengthening average life Without new technology  No railway: children could not live so far away → no need of telephone  No ship: Friends could not travel across the sea → no need of cablegram  No new medicine: Rear no more children; Welcome death as a deliverer to a long and difficult life which is full of misery

7. 1 2 3 Phenomenal Level Social/Political Level Ideological Level Another omission The functions of a new technology follow from its form – create new definitions of the old terms without our consciousness

8. Add some new items : VCR, Soft ware, I Phone Redefine and modify old words (words with deep- rooted meanings) : information, memory, wisdom, law, truth, history 1 Phenomenal Level

9. information telegraph television computer ?

10. “Knowledge Monopolies” --- Conspiracy (Harold Innis, The Bias of Communicaion) Television Computer technology (winners vs losers) Social/Political Level 2

11. Alter deeply embedded habits of thoughts Numbers can measure everything including mercy, love, beauty, sanity Ideological bias Ideological Level 3

12. ‘To a man with a hammer, everything looks like a nail’  No form of technology produces one-sided effect. Postman argues that a new technology destroys more than it creates.  Fundamentally, our mind is conditioned by technology, yet we have no strong awareness of this fact.

13. Cases of ideological change brought by technology  The invention of the “mechanical clock”  The invention of the “printing press”  The discoverer of an art is not the best judge of the good or harm which will accrue to those who practice it.

14. ‘The butterfly effect’; ‘The environment plus/minus the caterpillar’  Competition/ Collision/ Media War: – New technologies vs. old technologies – New institution vs. old institution – New world-views vs. old world-views

15. Cases of collision in technological change School is the field with most technological collision.  The invention of ‘printing’  The invention of ‘television’  The invention of ‘PC’ the awkward position of school teachers and students the awkward position of school teachers and students

16. Sum-up: How technology affects society Effect Phenomenal Level Ideological Level Social/Political Level

17. Neil Postman, the idea of ‘Technopoly’  Reflection: New technologies alter the structure of our interests: the things we think about. They alter the character of our symbols: the things we think with. And they alter the nature of community: the arena in which thoughts develop.

18. Neil Postman, the idea of ‘Technopoly’  Implication: “to listen, to join and to revitalize” It is well-advised to educate students in the history, social effects and psychological bias of technology, so they may become adults who ‘use technology rather than being used by it.’ Instead of being tools of the tools, we should be masters of the tools.

19. Edward R. Tufte The Cognitive Style of PowerPoint

20. Tufte’s general view of PP  PP has a distinctive, definite, well-enforced, and widely-practiced cognitive style that is contrary to serious thinking. PP actively facilitates the making of lightweight presentations.  Audience, speech content, and presenter are all victims of PP.

21. Inherent defects of PP  Presenter-oriented  Impoverished space  Bullet outlines  Low spatial resolution  PP Phluff

22. Accusation against PP  PP is pushy, setting up dominance relationship between speaker and audience.  PP is contrary to good teaching.  PP is grossly impoverished and content-free.  PP is physically thick and intellectually thin.  PP is not serious.  PP is obnoxious.  PP is evil.

23. Implications  Use serious tools for serious presentation, for instance of thoughtfully planned paper handouts. This would allow the audience to control order and pace of learning.  Speaker should have the courtesy to write a real report and address audience as serious people.

24. b a c kn e x t h o m e Around AD 30 Sermon on the Mount Jesus of Nazareth

25. b a c kn e x t h o m e Around AD 30 Objectives n Character of the people of my kingdom n Eight promises of coming blessings (or nine)

26. b a c kn e x t h o m e Around AD 30 Eight promises of coming blessings to: 1. The poor in spirit 2. Those who mourn 3. The meek 4. Those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, 5. The merciful 6. The pure in heart 7. The peacemakers 8. Those who are persecuted for righteousness' sake 9. Those in"other situations"

27. b a c kn e x t h o m e Around AD 30 The first three blessings n What makes the poor in spirit blessed? – For theirs is the kingdom of heaven. n What makes those who mourn blessed? – For they shall be comforted. n What makes the meek blessed? – For they shall inherit the earth.

28. b a c kn e x t h o m e Around AD 30 The next three blessings n Those who hunger and thirst for righteousness –shall be filled. n The merciful –shall obtain mercy. n The pure in heart – shall see God.

29. b a c kn e x t h o m e Around AD 30 The following two blessings n The peacemakers –shall be called sons of God. n Those who are persecuted for righteousness' sake –Theirs is the kingdom of heaven.

30. b a c kn e x t h o m e Around AD 30 For those in "other situations" n When they revile and persecute you, and say all kinds of evil against you falsely for My sake. n Rejoice and be exceedingly glad –Great reward in heaven –They persecuted the prophets who were before you.

31. Conclusions & Recommendations

32. Technology brings neither + nor but

33. When facing with a new tech, we should not only but also

34. What attitude should we adopt towards technology? Don’t make yourself be Remember we are “the master of our tools” “the tool of your tool”

35. As the master of our tools, before employing a tech, ask ourselves those two questions: What questions ?

36. As the master of our tools, Don’t make yourself constrained by a tool, Do remember we have Tech 1, 2, 3, 4 - - -

37. As the master of our tools, We may put onto

38. As the master of our tools, What else?