1. 1 Multi-Messenger approach in IceCube E. Resconi (Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg) LAUNCH, Heidelberg, 21-23 March 2007

2. 2 Multi-messenger Phase 1: Use cosmic rays + photons information  HE neutrino sources identification (discovery !) Phase 2: Use cosmic rays + photons + neutrinos  study hadronic interactions in astrophysical sites  cosmic ray origin  acceleration mechanisms Elisa Resconi CR 

3. 3 Multi-messenger Phase 1: Use cosmic rays + photons information  HE neutrino sources identification (discovery !) Elisa Resconi On-going activities Future (realistic) prospectives CR 

4. 4 IceCube Observables Elisa Resconi Arrival time Incoming direction Estimated energy AMANDAAMANDA+IceCube  ~ 5-7 nsec~ 3 nsec 2° - 3°< 1° ± 0.5 order of magnitude

5. 5 Elisa Resconi IceCube Methods 1. The diffuse flux Proton luminosity Upper bound HE flux K. Mannheim, R.J. Protheroe, J. P. Rachen, Phys.Rev. D63 (2001) 023003 AMANDA-II 4 years Cosmic RaysNeutrinos IceCube 1 year W&B MPR Multi-messenger argument

6. 6 Elisa Resconi 2. The point source search (time integrated) IceCube Methods

7. 7 Elisa Resconi 2. The point source search (time integrated) AMANDA-II: 2000-2004 (1001 live days), 4282  from northern hemisphere 24h 0h 15 o 30 o 45 o 60 o 75 o -3 -2 0 1 2 3 3 2 1 0 -2 No significant excess found IceCube Methods The IceCube coll., astro-ph/0611063,

8. 8 Elisa Resconi 2. The point source search (time integrated) IceCube Methods Non-thermal activity Single source candidate Multi-messenger argument Active Galactic Nuclei Mkn 4216 / 7.370.42 Mkn 5018 / 6.390.85 1ES1959+6505 / 4.770.78 3C2738 / 4.721.00 M876 / 6.080.49 Nr. Observed / Nr. expected Flux Upper Limit 10 -7 GeV cm -2 s -1 32 sources pre-selected The IceCube coll., astro-ph/0611063

9. 9 Elisa Resconi 2. The point source search (time integrated) IceCube Methods Non-thermal activity Single source candidate Multi-messenger argument X-ray Binary Systems SS4334 / 6.14 0.27 LSI +61 3035 / 4.81 0.74 Cyg X-18 / 7.01 0.77 Cyg X-37 / 6.48 0.68 Nr. Observed / Nr. expected Flux Upper Limit 10 -7 GeV cm -2 s -1 The IceCube coll., astro-ph/0611063 32 sources pre-selected

10. 10 Elisa Resconi 2. The point source search (time integrated) IceCube Methods 3C273 M. Ackermann, PhD Thesis AMANDA-II Limits, 1001 days

11. 11 Elisa Resconi 4. the point source search time optimized Non-thermal activity Single source candidate Multi-messenger arguments Transient behavior Search for transient Variability in astrophysics: an old problem a plethora of methods IceCube Methods

12. 12 Elisa Resconi 4. the point source search time optimized Phenomenology: selection of the “proxy” waveband(s) Statistics: light curve combination / interpretation Data Analysis: detection probability improvement IceCube Methods

13. 13 Elisa Resconi 4. the point source search time optimized IceCube Methods Mkn 421 Mkn 501 1ES1959+650 X- and  -rays 3C273 Radio and X-rays Active Galactic Nuclei Phenomenology: selection of the “proxy” waveband(s)

14. 14 Elisa Resconi 4. the point source search time optimized IceCube Methods SS433 LSI +61 303 Cyg X-1 Cyg X-3 ….. Radio Periodicity (multiwavelength)  Selection of the “proxy” waveband(s) X-ray Binary Systems Phenomenology: selection of the “proxy” waveband(s)

15. 15 Elisa Resconi 4. the point source search time optimized Statistics: light curve combination M. Tluczykont et al., JoP 60 (2007) 318-320 IceCube Methods

16. 16 Elisa Resconi 4. the point source search time optimized Statistics: light curve interpretation E.R. et al., JoP 60 (2007) 223-226 IceCube Methods Time Rate Maximum Likelihood Blocks: Light curve … … into time intervals … in which count rate constant (with a specified confidence) Based on maximum-likelihood (iterative)

17. 17 Elisa Resconi 4. the point source search time optimized Statistics: light curve interpretation E.R. et al., JoP 60 (2007) 223-226 IceCube Methods RXTE-ASM MLBs RXTE-PCA E.R., L. Costamante, A. Gross

18. 18 Elisa Resconi IceCube Methods Flares  Errors related to the “degree of extrapolation”  Less data, more extrapolation, bigger errors  Non-gaussian shape (Mkn421, Mkn501, 1ES1959+650, PKS2155)  Most-Probable-Value (MPV) as characteristic level IceCube Methods E.R., L. Costamante, A. Gross

19. 19 Elisa Resconi IceCube Methods Time windows of HE emission: neutrinos ??

20. 20 Good X-  correlation “orphan” flare: difficult to be accommodated in leptonic models The hint: 1ES1959+650 X-ray: ASM, PCA  -ray: Whipple

21. 21 Elisa Resconi 4. the point source search time optimized IceCube Methods Data Analysis: detection probability improvement P. Berghaus Preliminary

22. 22 Elisa Resconi 4. the point source search time optimized IceCube Methods Next tests:  Mkn501, 1997, AMANDA-B10  2005 – 2006, AMANDA-II  2007, AMANDA+IceCube23

23. 23 Elisa Resconi 5. Future Prospective On-line Strategies Significant Neutrino Observation Neutrino Trigger of Multi-wavelength Campaign

24. 24 Elisa Resconi 5. Future Prospective: prototype test Prototype-test already done! NToT (see E. Bernardini et al …) AMANDA – MAGIC Alerts sent Reaction within one day 27th September to 27th November 2006 ( E. Bernardini et al., astro-ph/0509396 )

25. 25 Elisa Resconi Future Prospective Large Field of View: ~2  High Duty Cycle (60-70%)  Off-line efforts for optimal searches CR  Multi-Messenger Arguments:  CR energetic  Multi-wavelength picture of non-thermal sources  Models …..

26. 26 Elisa Resconi Future Prospective Large Field of View: ~2  High Duty Cycle (60-70%)  On-line efforts: go to phase 2

27. 27 Elisa Resconi “ Perfect ” place to pursued this type of physics

28. 28 Elisa Resconi

29. 29 Elisa Resconi 2. The point source search (time integrated) IceCube Methods Multi-messenger argument The IceCube coll., astro-ph/0611063