1. HAPPY TUESDAY Bellwork for yesterday write “video” Today you will need: Something to write with, a new Bellwork Sheet and your Journal Turn in your homework from yesterday (video worksheet) Bellwork for today: 1.With a partner, discuss the white card on your table. 2. Then sort through the pink cards and choose the one that you think would happen next. 3. On your bellwork sheet EXPLAIN why you and your partner chose that card. Use at least three sentences.

2. Standard: (7E)Analyze and evaluate relationship of natural selection to adaptation. Essential Question: What is evolution and what causes it to happen?

3. What is Evolution?

4. Evolution: change in the traits of a population over time

5. Evolution is called “the grand unifying theory of biology.” Evolutionary theory continues to change as new data are gathered and new ways of thinking arise.

6. Gene pool: the total number of genes of every individual in an interbreeding population.

7. Evolution can also be defined as a change in the gene pool over time.

9. What important contribution did Charles Darwin make to biology?

10. Charles Darwin: contributed more to our understanding of evolution than anyone else. Darwin traveled, made observations and collected evidence

11. b. Darwin published the results of his work in a book called On the Origin of Species.

12. Mechanisms of Evolution (How does evolution happen?)

13. There are 5 factors that can affect the frequency of a gene in the gene pool. 1.Genetic Mutation 2.Non-random mating 3.Natural Selection 4.Small Population 5.Gene Flow

14. 1. Genetic Mutation: DNA errors in replication, transcription, translation, or because of environmental factors. – The source of all new genes/traits in a population

15. If mutations are passed on to offspring (over generations), then evolution has occurred

16. 2. Non-Random Mating Not all mates are created equal. In many species, mates are not selected at random. They are chosen for specific characteristics.. This limits the size of the gene pool because only the genes of the mating individuals are passed to the next generation.

17. 3. Natural selection: the process by which individuals with characteristics that are not well suited to their environment either die or leave few offspring. It is not seen directly, but only observed as changes in a population over a long time.

18. 3. Natural Selection survival of the fittest advantageous genes are passed on to the next generation while harmful genes are eliminated *the driving force of evolution

19. Examples of natural selection

20. Why does natural selection happen?

21. 1. Population size is limited by environmental resources

22. 2. Fitness: the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce.

23. Adaptation: any inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance of survival.

24. Successful adaptations: - enable organisms to become better suited to their environment - increase an individual’s ability to survive and reproduce. Humans have thousands of adaptations: large brain, opposable thumbs, excellent sensory organs, light, strong skeleton, etc.

25. Bunny Simulation If only one species is considered the "fittest", why do we still have so many variations among species. Why do some birds have very long pointy beaks, while other birds have short flat beaks?

26. Debrief Options Create a chart on the bunny simulation What are adaptations that can help the wolf survive? Quickwrite answering Essential Question.

27. Summary of Darwin’s Theory:  Individual organisms differ and some of these variations are heritable (passed on)  Organisms produce more offspring than can survive and many that do survive do not reproduce  Because more organisms are produce than can survive, they must compete for limited resources (food, shelter, etc)  Each unique organism has different advantages (good) and disadvantages (bad)  Individuals best suited to their environment survive and reproduce successfully  These organisms that survive pass their heritable traits to their offspring

28. Summary of Darwin’s Theory cont’d:  Other individuals that are not suited for their environment die or leave few offspring  This process called natural selection causes species to change over time  Species alive today are descended with modification from ancestral species (their ancestors)  This process by which diverse species evolved from a common ancestor unites all organisms on Earth into a single tree of life

29. What to do: 1.Check you grade in the back. 2.Figure out which of the assignments you need to make up. 3.Get the assignment. 4.When finished, turn it in to you class period tray. IF YOU HAVE NOTHING TO MAKE UP: Congratulations! You won a trip to space! You are going to Mars to study the organisms that live there. When you arrive you observe 2 new species. Using the basic characteristics of Mars, create the two species you encounter with adaptations that are appropriate for life on Mars. Write 5 sentences describing the organisms and draw a picture of them on Mars. Basic Characteristics of Mars: Diverse terrain, including: mountains, valleys, polar ice caps, deserts Atmosphere has clouds, thus rain The red color is due to blowing sand Has vegatation It is VERY cold.