1. DO NOW 1.___ name one cause of water pollution (water pollution) 2. __ coolest layer of the Earth (Earth’s layers) 3.___energy source that burns wood or dung (alternative energy) 4. __type of resource minerals are (natural resources) 5.___instrument that is located at or near Earth’s surface to record seismic waves (earthquakes)

2. Key Questions Magma 1. Where does magma form? 2. How does magma form? 3. How does magma move? 4. What is a crater? 5. What is a caldera?

3. 1 Magma forms below Earth’s surface in the lower crust and upper mantle. 1 Magma forms below Earth’s surface in the lower crust and upper mantle. 2. Magma forms when there is high temperature and low pressure. 2. Magma forms when there is high temperature and low pressure. 3. Magma moves when it is less dense than surrounding rock. 3. Magma moves when it is less dense than surrounding rock. 4. Crater-funnel shaped pit at the top of the volcano caused from volcanic explosions 4. Crater-funnel shaped pit at the top of the volcano caused from volcanic explosions 5. Caldera-a circular depression that forms when a magma chamber empties and causes the ground above it to sink 5. Caldera-a circular depression that forms when a magma chamber empties and causes the ground above it to sink

4. Words for Fill a Volcano Worksheet pg 222-235 (old) Caldera Cinder Cone Caldera Cinder Cone Crater Composite Crater Composite Lava Shield Lava Shield Magma Vents Magma Vents Pyroclastic Rift Pyroclastic Rift island island

5. Key Questions Magma 1.. Where do volcanoes form? 2. What is the Ring of Fire? 3. What is a hot spot? 4. What islands were formed from a hot spot?

6. 1. Volcanoes form at convergent and divergent tectonic plate boundaries. 1. Volcanoes form at convergent and divergent tectonic plate boundaries. 2. Most volcanoes occur at the Ring of Fire which are the boundaries that line the Pacific Ocean 2. Most volcanoes occur at the Ring of Fire which are the boundaries that line the Pacific Ocean Hotspots [This Dynamic Earth, USGS] Hotspots [This Dynamic Earth, USGS] 3.. A hot spot is a place on Earth’s surface that is directly above a mantle plume(columun of magma). 3.. A hot spot is a place on Earth’s surface that is directly above a mantle plume(columun of magma). Hot Spot Animation Hot Spot Animation 4. The Hawaiian Islands 4. The Hawaiian Islands

7. Varieties of Volcanoes Worksheet 1. Write the bulleted fact in the box under the volcano it describes 1. Write the bulleted fact in the box under the volcano it describes 2. Use page 47/48 Types of Volcanoes 2. Use page 47/48 Types of Volcanoes