2. Congressional Leadership

3. House of Representatives SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE – John Boehner (R)-OH – Most important position in Congress – Presides over House and keeps order – Next in line after the Vice President

4. House of Representatives Majority Leader – Eric Cantor(R)-VA – Chief spokesperson for his/her party on the floor

5. House of Representatives Majority Whip – Kevin McCarthy (R-CA) – Assistant majority leader – Liaison  gets party members to floor and vote

6. House of Representatives Minority Leader – Nancy Pelosi(D)-CA – Chief spokesperson of his/her party on the floor – Leader of the opposition of the majority party

7. House of Representatives Minority Whip – Steny Holer(D)-MD – Assistant minority leader – Liaison  gets party members to floor and vote

8. Senate President of the Senate – Joe Biden(D)-DE – Not very powerful – 2 main duties: Presides over Senate Breaks ties

9. Senate President pro Tempore – Patrick Leahy (D-VT) – From majority party – Takes over if President of the Senate is gone – Chosen based on seniority – Next in line after the Speaker of the House

10. Senate Majority Leader – Harry Reid (D) -- NV – Most powerful member of Senate – Chief spokesperson of his/her party on the floor

11. Senate Majority Whip – Dick Durbin (D) - IL – Assistant majority leader – Liaison  gets party members to the floor and vote

12. Senate Minority Leader – Mitch McConnell (R) - KY – Chief spokesperson of his/her party on the floor

13. Senate Minority Whip – Jon Kyl (R) - AZ – Assistant minority leader – Liaison  gets party members to the floor and vote

14. Congress Committee Leaders – Each house has committees on different areas of interest – Leaders are experts in their field and mainly based on seniority – In house, the Speaker chooses the leaders Kent Conrad (D) - ND Senate Budget Committee Hal Rogers (R) - KY House Appropriations

15. How Congress is Organized to Make Policy Committees and Subcommittees – Standing committees: subject matter committees that handle bills in different policy areas – Joint committees: a few subject-matter areas—membership drawn from House and Senate – Conference committees: resolve differences in House and Senate bills – Select committees: created for a specific purpose, such as the Watergate investigation

16. How Congress is Organized to Make Policy

17. The Committees at Work: Legislation and Oversight – Legislation Committees work on the 11,000 bills every session Some hold hearings and “mark up” meetings – Legislative oversight Monitoring of the bureaucracy and its administration of policy through committee hearings As publicity value of receiving credit for controlling spending has increase, so too has oversight grown Oversight usually takes place after a catastrophe

18. How Congress is Organized to Make Policy Getting on a Committee – Members want committee assignments that will help them get reelected, gain influence, and make policy. – New members express their committee preferences to the party leaders. – Those who have supported their party’s leadership are favored in the selection process. – Parties try to grant committee preferences.

19. How Congress is Organized to Make Policy Getting Ahead on the Committee – Committee chair: the most important influencer of congressional agenda Dominant role in scheduling hearings, hiring staff, appointing subcommittees, and managing committee bills when they are brought before the full house – Most chairs selected according to seniority system. Members who have served on the committee the longest and whose party controlled Congress become chair

20. How Congress is Organized to Make Policy Caucuses: The Informal Organization of Congress – Caucus: a group of members of Congress sharing some interest or characteristic – About 300 caucuses – Caucuses pressure for committee meetings and hearings and for votes on bills. – Caucuses can be more effective than lobbyists.

21. THE END!