1. How should we remember Lincoln?

2. “ Michigan’s Affirmative Action Ban Upheld by Supreme Court ” April 22, 2014 Look over your notes from the last section. How is Michigan’s law banning affirmative action at the state level similar to the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas and Nebraska Act?  Popular Sovereignty!  Compromise of 1850- Utah and New Mexico Territory  Kansas and Nebraska How did the Supreme Court Rule? DO you agree/disagree with the ruling? WHY/WHY NOT?  Court ruled on the side of the Michigan state voters  Referendum- No Affirmative Action in college admissions When Justice Sonia Sotomayor argues for the protection of “minority rights”, which figure in history does she look similar too? (look at the last section’s notes) WHAT IS THE EXTREME HISTORICAL IRONY OF this situation?  Justice Sotomayor- First Female Latino Justice  Similar to John C. Calhoun of South Carolina

3. Lincoln Douglas Debate  Senator Douglas  What Political Party?  Which State?  What legislation did he propose that was very controversial?  AKA – “little giant”  Denounced the Lecompton Constitution (damage control)  Faced a difficult Senator reelection campaign in Illinois in 1858 where views on slavery were sharply divided  Believed whites were superior to blacks Tolerated slavery b/c it is the absolute right of white citizens to choose the kind of society and government they wanted (popular sovereignty)

4. Lincoln Douglas Debate  Abraham Lincoln  Born in a log cabin in Kentucky in 1809  Studied law  Ran against Douglas for SENATOR in the state of Illinois in 1858  Republican Party  LINCOLN DOUGLAS DEBATES- a series of seven debates on the issue of slavery in the territories- NATIONAL ATTENTION!!!  CLASHED WITH DOUGLAS’ VIEW ON POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY Did not believe that a majority should have the power to deny a minority their rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.  Lincoln shared many of Douglas’s views on African Americans “I am not nor ever have been in favor of bringing about in any way the social and political equality of the white and black races.” Federal government does not have the authority to forbid slavery in the south Similar stance to “Containment” during the Cold War  Springfield- June 1858 “A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved- I do not expect the house to fall- but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other”  Douglas wins election BUT Lincoln receives national attention

5. John Brown’s Raid- October 16, 1859- Harpers Ferry Virginia

6. Election of 1860  Split in the Democratic Party  Southern Democrats nominate John C. Breckinridge- argued that the government should protect slavery in the territories  Northern Democrats nominated Stephen Douglas who supported popular sovereignty  Moderate Southerners along with politicians from the border states (Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri) formed the Constitutional Union Party nominating John Bell of Tennessee  Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln

7.  Lincoln captured the presidency without winning a single electoral vote in the South  39 percent of the vote  180 electoral votes- FEAR of John C. Calhoun became a reality!

8.  Lower South Secedes  December 20, 1860- South Carolina left the Union officially  Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia (LOWER SOUTH) seceded shortly after  Delegates from all 7 states created the Confederate States of America  They elected Jefferson Davis as their president

9. Fort Sumter  During Lincoln’s Inaugural address, he pledged to Southerners that “the government will not assail you. You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors”.  He also promised to defend and protect the Union  Federal troops continued to occupy Fort Sumter- ISLAND off the coast of South Carolina  Considered Federal Land  Federal Soldiers under the command of Major Robert Anderson were running out of supplies- if no more supplies were given, it would have to be abandoned to the Confederates  April 6, 1861- Lincoln told the governor of South Carolina that he was sending food, but no soldiers or arms to Fort Sumter.  April 10 th, before supplies could arrive, Confederate President Jefferson Davis ordered General P.G.T. Beauregard to demand that Fort Sumter surrender- if Anderson refused, Beauregard was to take it by force  Anderson refused- April 12, 1861 Beauregard opened fire on the fort  After 34 hour bombardment, Anderson surrendered Fort Sumter to Confederate troops

10.  Upper South Secedes  Lincoln called for volunteers to fight the seceding states  Upper South- Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas secede in response to Lincoln