3. H H H H H H H H | | | | | | | | H - C - C - C - C - C - C - C - C - H | | | | | | | H H H H H H H H H H | | | H - C - C - C - C - H | | | H H H H - C - H | H - C - H | H Here’s a structural diagram of a typical hydrocarbon It has 14 C’s and 30 H’s so the formula is C 14 H 30 since each C is surrounded by 4 bonds typically, for ease of drawing, the H’s are left out to form a carbon skeleton diagram

4. Find the longest continuous carbon chain. This structure is called the parent chain. C - C - C - C - C - C - C - C | C - C- C - C | C | C This parent chain has 9 C so it starts with non. If there are no double bonds it ends with ane Nonane is the name of the parent chain To name the parent chain prefixes at the beginning of the word are used. These prefixes are determined by the number of C atoms in the parent chain.

5. Find the longest continuous carbon chain. This structure is called the parent chain. C - C - C - C - C - C - C - C | C - C- C - C | C | C If the carbon chain is 1 C starts with meth 2 C starts with eth 3 C starts with prop 4 C starts with but 5 C starts with pent 6 C starts with hex 7 C starts with hept 8 C starts with oct 9 C starts with non 10 C starts with dec This parent chain has 9 C so it starts with non. If there are no double bonds it ends with ane Nonane is the name of the parent chain

6. C - C - C - C - C - C - C - C | C - C- C - C | C | C Next you must number the parent chain Chains can be numbered from either direction so the rule to follow states: Number the chain so the lowest possible number is used when the 1st side chain is encountered 12345 67 8 9 98765 4 3 2 1 Using the red numbers the 1st side chain is encountered at the 5th C Using the blue numbers the 1st side chain is encountered at the 3rd C

7. C - C - C - C - C - C - C - C | C - C- C - C | C | C 98765 4 3 2 1 Next, identify the side chains and where they are attached 3 C side chain is called propyl 2 C side chain is called ethyl Notice all side chains end in yl

8. C - C - C - C - C - C - C - C | C - C- C - C | C | C 98765 4 3 2 1 Now lets consider the names which have been determined Parent chain is nonane side chains are 3-ethyl and 5-propyl the complete name is 3-ethyl-5-propylnonane Side chains appear 1st and are always alphabetized, (ethyl before propyl), parent chain appears last

9. Now draw the skeleton structure for 5-butyl- 6-ethyl-2-methyl decane 1st identify the parent chain 5-butyl-6-ethyl-2-methyl decane (decane means 10 C’s with no double bonds C - C - C - C - C - C - C - C - C - C Side chains are: 2-methyl (1 C attached to the 2nd C) | C 5-butyl 4 C’s attached to the 5th C 6-ethyl 2C’s attached to the 6th C | C | C | C | C | C | C

10. Now draw the skeleton structure for 3,3- diethyl-2,5,6-trimethylheptane 1st identify the parent chain 3,3-diethyl -2,5,6-trimethylheptane (heptane means 7C’s with no double bonds C - C - C - C - C - C - C Side chains are: 3,3-diethyl (2C attached to each side of the 3rd C) 2,5,6-trimethyl 1C’s attached to the 2nd, 5th and 6th C | C | C | C | C | C | C

11. Name the following: C C - C C | | | C - C - C - C - C - C - C - C | | | | C C C C Parent Chain is octane Side Chains are 2,2,3,4,7,7 hexamethyl 6 - eth yl Final Answer is 6 - eth yl - 2,2,3,4,7,7 - hexamethyl octane