1. Guided Reading Activity Answers

3. The role of women in the military was much more limited then than now, yet hundreds of thousands of women served their country. Often, they performed secretarial or nursing work; however, some Women’s Army Corps members flew non-combat missions and even trained men how to fly.

4. Women held many non- traditional jobs during World War II: 1. Welding 2. Blast Furnaces 3. Police Officers 4. Bus Drivers 5. Gas Station Attendants 6. Shipyard Workers

5. The War Production Board was set up to help the transition to a “War Economy” – one designed to produce war materials. They set goals for production and encouraged companies to change their methods to facilitate production – opening opportunities for women and minority candidates in the war materials industries. Industrial production doubled in America almost immediately, and unemployment dropped to zero – ending the Great Depression.

6. As in World War I, during World War II, Americans planted VICTORY GARDENS and purchased WAR BONDS to support the war effort.

7. RATIONING – THE ACT OF SETTING LIMITS ON THE AMOUNT OF SCARCE GOODS WHICH PEOPLE CAN BUY. During World War II, the United States sought to ration goods which were of significance to soldiers on the front lines.

8. COFFEESUGAR

9. MEATSHOES

10. GASOLINETIRES

13. Japanese-Americans, many of whom had lived in the United States for generations, were forced to sell all of their property at reduced prices and imprisoned in remote camps scattered across the United States during the war. These camps were not concentration camps or death camps. They were generally very clean, adequately supplied, and orderly – although Spartan. There was even recreation – athletic fields, and entertainment. The Japanese internment camps were supervised by armed guards, but usually were organized and run by democratically elected councils of the Japanese themselves. The degradation and humiliation of the experience were excruciating for many Japanese- Americans, nevertheless. No such camps were set up for German-Americans or Italian-Americans – although they constituted a larger, and as it turned out, more palpable threat.

14. Japanese Soldiers generally fought in Europe during World War II. They participated in campaigns in North Africa, Italy, and France – less frequently in the Pacific Theatre, where the Japanese were being engaged. They were called upon as translators from time to time if they spoke Japanese. The loyal service of these soldiers further demonstrated the loyalty of Japanese- Americans in general.

15. During the years leading up to World War II, many prominent Americans offered their support to Nazi Germany. There was widespread admiration for Hitler, despite his anti-Semitic stances and obvious contempt for international law. Many Americans shared his anti-Semitism, like Henry Ford. Others wanted to avoid war at all costs, even if it meant compromising some American values. Charles Lindbergh, for example, was a member of the America First Committee, which sought to stay out of the war in Europe no matter what. Thousands of ordinary Americans joined the German-American Bund – a friendship league which encouraged cultural exchange and good relations with the Nazis.

16. The purpose of the FEPC was to insure that African-American workers and contractors would have equal access to government jobs and government military contracts. Anti-discrimination laws were enforced by the agency.

17. Over two million African-American workers took advantage of the opportunity to work for their country. Although many conflicts would emerge during the course of the war, African-Americans made a major positive contribution to the war effort.