1. Tifton Beef Cattle Short Course | March 2 nd

2. Looking Ahead Photo credit: Noble Foundation.

3. Looking Ahead Photo credit: Noble Foundation.

4. Looking Ahead Photo credit: Noble Foundation.

5. Bermudagrass Pasture – 2011 Breakdown of Projected Costs

6. Bahiagrass vs. Bermudagrass

7. Bahiagrass vs. Bermudagrass Fertilization BahiagrassPotassium LoMedHighV. High Phosphorus Lo *-80-80*-80-40*-80-0 Med *-40-80*-40-40*-40-0 High *-0-80*-0-40*-0-0 V. High *-0-80*-0-40*-0-0 Bermuda grass Potassium LoMedHighV. High Phosphorus Lo *-60-120*-60-65*-60-30*-60-0 Med *-30-120*-30-65*-30-30*-30-0 High *-0-120*-0-65*-0-30*-0-0 V. High *-0-120*-0-65*-0-30*-0-0

8. Warm Season Perennial Grass Variety Trial – Tifton (avg. over 2006-2008)

10. Option - Stocker Calves on Bahiagrass Photo credit: Clemson Univ. ADGGain Stocking Rate Grazing Time (lbs/hd/d)(lb/acre)(hd/acre)(days) Pensacola (bahia)0.952221.5131 Coastal1.083312.5131 Coastcross I1.504692.5131 Tifton 781.437043.2169 Tifton 851.4710324.4169 (top) Utley et al., 1974. J. Anim. Sci. 38:490-495. (bottom) Hill et al., 1993. J. Anim. Sci. 71:3219-3225.

12. Bermudagrass Hay Production – 2010 Breakdown of Projected Costs per Ton $94.94/ton

13. Soil Test and Follow Fertility Recommendations Sample hayfields every year and 1/3 of your pastures each year.

16. Use of Urea-Based Products Without AN, users of N face risky alternatives.  NH 3 volatilization loss Urease is abundant in thatch & organic layers  High N use in hay. Ammonium Nitrate Urea

17. The Effectiveness of Some Alternative N Sources at Low, Medium, and High Fertilization Rates on Hybrid Bermudagrasses (Relative to Ammonium Nitrate). Nitrogen SourceFertilization Rates < 200 lbs*250-350 lbs> 400 lbs Ammonium Nitrate 100% Amm. Sulfate 95-97%95-105%60-70% Anhyd. Ammonia 92-94%93-95%94-95% UAN Solution 80-85%85-92%92-95% Urea 79-82%82-92%88-93% * Actual lbs of N per acre per year. Source: Burton and Jackson, 1962; Silveria et al., 2007.

18. Use of Urea-Based Products Without AN, users of N face risky alternatives.  NH 3 volatilization loss Urease is abundant in thatch & organic layers  High N use in hay. Enhanced Efficiency N Fertilizer Products may reduce volatilization loss  Urease inhibition  Encapsulate & release Ammonium Nitrate Urea NBPT maleic-itaconic co-polymer Polymer Coating

19. Ammonia Volatilization Trap Data 2008-2009 (avg. over two locations)

20. Bermudagrass Hay Yield 2008-2009 (Calhoun)

21. Results: Yield Data 2008-09: Forage Yield of ‘Russell’ Bermudagrass Equal Splits † 20082009 SourceEatontonCalhounEatontonCalhoun -------------------- (lbs of DM/acre) --------------------- ATU2 8908 ‡ 19291 1143117525 ESN2 643016033 816317019 NSN2 870416985 1022616464 Urea2 849017302 1073014955 Urea4 721118500 814215948 AN4 964118218 1210617604 Check- 268810009 217810409 LSD 0.05 1204 1552 10592460 † Equal split applications of N that occurred during the season. Total N applied = 300 lbs N/acre. ‡ Items that are in bold font are not significantly different from the highest value in the column.

22. Bermudagrass Hay Yield 2010 (Equal splits, 4 applications, 300 lbs N/ac total)

23. Summary of EE N products Agrotain Treated Urea as compared to urea applied in the same way (averaged over 4 site-yrs): Reduced ammonia volatilization by over 63%. Produced 11% more forage yield. Recovered 19% more of the applied N. Did not substantially affect crude protein content. Did not substantially affect the risk of nitrate toxicity.

24. 24 New Weed Management Technologies in 2010 Prowl H 2 0 – BASF  Pendimethalin Preemergence control of crabgrass, goosegrass, sandbur, Texas and fall panicum Also controls some annual broadleaf weeds such as pigweed Apply February to early March (North GA) to dormant bermudagrass Must be applied before annual grasses germinate  crabgrass germinates at soil temps. of 50-55° F Prowl H 2 0 – BASF  Pendimethalin Preemergence control of crabgrass, goosegrass, sandbur, Texas and fall panicum Also controls some annual broadleaf weeds such as pigweed Apply February to early March (North GA) to dormant bermudagrass Must be applied before annual grasses germinate  crabgrass germinates at soil temps. of 50-55° F

25. 25 New Weed Management Technologies in 2010 Prowl H 2 0 – BASF  Pendimethalin Preemergence herbicide  Needs rainfall for incorporation within 30 days of application Labeled on dormant forage bermudagrass hay or pasture. 45 day hay harvest restriction 60 day grazing restriction – all livestock types See supplemental label at: http://www.cdms.net/LDat/ld6CT014.pdf Prowl H 2 0 – BASF  Pendimethalin Preemergence herbicide  Needs rainfall for incorporation within 30 days of application Labeled on dormant forage bermudagrass hay or pasture. 45 day hay harvest restriction 60 day grazing restriction – all livestock types See supplemental label at: http://www.cdms.net/LDat/ld6CT014.pdf

26. 26 Chaparral Bermuda, orchardgrass, tall fescue (up to 2.0 oz/a Native grasses – wheatgrass, bluestems, grama Apply to fully tillered or established Same tall fescue precautions as metsulfuron products, except no 24 mo. establishment restriction. Bermuda, orchardgrass, tall fescue (up to 2.0 oz/a Native grasses – wheatgrass, bluestems, grama Apply to fully tillered or established Same tall fescue precautions as metsulfuron products, except no 24 mo. establishment restriction.

27. 27 Chaparral Rate (oz. product/a) Act. Ingredient1.52.0*3.0 aminopyralid0.0490.0660.098 metsulfuron0.0090.0120.018 *Chaparral at 2.0 oz./a = 4.0 fl. oz/a of Milestone 2SC + 0.3 oz/a Metsulfuron 60DG

28. 28 Chaparral Non-volatile Injurious to legumes Do not seed legumes year of application (additional research being conducted) Non-volatile Injurious to legumes Do not seed legumes year of application (additional research being conducted)

29. 29 Grazon NEXT 0.33 lbs./gal. aminopyralid + 2.67 lbs./gal 2,4-D Use rate: 1.5 to 2.6 pts./acre Numerous broadleaf weeds – thistles, horsenettle, buttercup, henbit, plantains, verbena Do not seed legumes year of application (additional research being conducted) Delay application until grasses have 4 to 5 leaves. 0.33 lbs./gal. aminopyralid + 2.67 lbs./gal 2,4-D Use rate: 1.5 to 2.6 pts./acre Numerous broadleaf weeds – thistles, horsenettle, buttercup, henbit, plantains, verbena Do not seed legumes year of application (additional research being conducted) Delay application until grasses have 4 to 5 leaves.

30. 30 Grazon NEXT Injurious to legumes No grazing restriction for any type of livestock. 7 day hay harvest restriction Better control of plantains and common pokeweed than Milestone Injurious to legumes No grazing restriction for any type of livestock. 7 day hay harvest restriction Better control of plantains and common pokeweed than Milestone

31. 31 Pastora Sulfonylurea  Nicosulfuron 56.2% + Metsulfuron 15.0% Excellent postemergence control of:  Winter Annuals (e.g., italian ryegrass, little barley, broadleaves, etc.)  Summer Annuals (e.g., sandbur, broadleaves)  Annual grasses < 2.0 inches tall  Crabgrass at seedling stage  Summer perennials (e.g., johnsongrass, vaseygrass) Sulfonylurea  Nicosulfuron 56.2% + Metsulfuron 15.0% Excellent postemergence control of:  Winter Annuals (e.g., italian ryegrass, little barley, broadleaves, etc.)  Summer Annuals (e.g., sandbur, broadleaves)  Annual grasses < 2.0 inches tall  Crabgrass at seedling stage  Summer perennials (e.g., johnsongrass, vaseygrass)

32. Pastora Established bermudagrass (one growing season) only  No grazing or haying restrictions  Injury if applied mid-green up; mid-regrowth; or extreme heat/drought. Application Timings  Winter – dormant bermuda  Spring – before 2 inches of new growth  Summer – within 7 days of hay cutting Established bermudagrass (one growing season) only  No grazing or haying restrictions  Injury if applied mid-green up; mid-regrowth; or extreme heat/drought. Application Timings  Winter – dormant bermuda  Spring – before 2 inches of new growth  Summer – within 7 days of hay cutting

33. Fall Armyworm Fall armyworm infestations can be a problem anytime,… But, the effects are most devastating in drought years. Application if above threshold  (>3 larvae per ft 2 ) Fall armyworm infestations can be a problem anytime,… But, the effects are most devastating in drought years. Application if above threshold  (>3 larvae per ft 2 )

34. Fall Armyworm ACES – ANR-1019

35. Fall Armyworm

36. Fall Armyworm Control Insecticide Rate per acre Grazing Interval (days) Sevin / carbarylmaximum14 Lannate 2.4LV2 pt7 (3 for hay) Mustang MAX4 fl. oz.0 (1 for hay) Karate Z (2.08)1.28-1.92 fl. oz.0 (7 for hay) Baythroid XL2.6-2.8 fl. oz.0 (0 for hay) Intrepid 2F (suppl.)4 - 8 fl. oz.0 (7 for hay) Tracer 4SC1-2 oz.Dry (3 for hay) Dimilin 2L2 oz.0 (1 for hay) Coragen3.5-5.0 oz.0 (0 for hay) Lannate is not labeled for use on fescue. Methyl parathion is labeled but is only effective on small larvae.

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