1. PHOTOSYNTHESIS Chapter 7 Starr text Sunlight 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 ________________ generate their own energy by converting _______________energy into the _________________energy of sugar (glucose) Basis of most of the earth’s ______________ chains Produces and maintains all of the earth’s _____________

2. PHOTOSYNTHESIS and SUNLIGHT Sunlight (_____________ ) has characteristics of matter as a packet of energy = _____________ Photons travel in _____________

3. Chloroplasts are an organelle in plants that contain photosynthetic ____________that utilize the photons energy – Two outer membranes – Contain matrix stroma- where ___________ is made – Contains folded thylakoid membranes- form _____ and __________ – photosystems- where light energy is converted to ____________ energy

5. Photosynthetic Pigments Pigments absorb a particular wavelength of light in the _____________ spectrum – Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b _____________ violet and red light _____________ green and yellow light – Accessory pigments: Carotenoids- orange Anthocyanins- blue

6. Overview of the Light Dependent Reactions Think of the light reaction, as a process by which organisms “___________________" radiant energy as they produce oxygen gas. This energy is stored in the form of chemical bonds of compounds such as NADPH and ATP.

7. Step I: Light Dependent Reactions Sunlight photon energy is _____________ ! Chlorophyll a and b within the chloroplast are REQUIRED! Photosystem II – A photon enters the chloroplast and bounces around in photosystem II within the thylakoid membranes – This action _____________ a bond within the chlorophyll releasing energy (e-) and a Hydrogen ion (H+) from chlorophyll

8. Step I: Light Dependent Reactions Photosystem II The energy (e-) from the photon is used to split water (H 2 O ) to generate 2 H+, 2 e- and oxygen. (________________) The e- helps maintains a H+ concentration gradient within the thylakoid When enough water is split - the __________ is released into the atmosphere as O 2

9. Photosystem II The Electron Transport Chain is located within the thylakoid membrane H+ diffuses thru ATP synthase and this combines ADP + P to make _________. Photosystem I Another photon hits chlorophyll releasing energy This energy (e-) and the H+ from water is reduced by NADP+ to form _____________ (an electron/energy carrier) Step I: Light Dependent Reactions

11. Overview of the Light Independent Reactions AKA Dark Reactions AKA Calvin Cycle Carbon dioxide is broken and “_____________ ” into sugar (glucose/sucrose/fructose) molecules in the CALVIN CYCLE!!!! _____________ subunits can make cellulose or other polysaccharides, such as fruit sugars. The carbon skeleton in glucose also helps to synthesize other important biochemical compounds such as, lipids, amino acids, and nucleic acids.

12. Step II: Light-Independent Reactions Does not require light ; can happen at any time of day. CO 2 enters the cell through pores called _____________ in the leaves and is brought the stroma within chloroplasts The energy from NADPH and ATP is used to rearrange Carbon, Oxygen and Hydrogen into _____________ C 6 H 12 O 6 in a process called carbon fixation.

13. Diagram of Photosynthesis