2. In the field of industry, Pakistan at the time of independence started almost from a scratch i.e. very weak meager condition.

3.  34 small industrial units out of total 921 in the subcontinent.  Cotton textile, cigarettes, sugar, rice husking, cotton ginning and flour milling.  These together contributed only 7% of GNP. 26000 employments.  34 small industrial units out of total 921 in the subcontinent.  Cotton textile, cigarettes, sugar, rice husking, cotton ginning and flour milling.  These together contributed only 7% of GNP. 26000 employments.

4. Main policy emphasis on import substitution. Industrial backwardness in 1948:  A country producing nearly 75 % of the world’s production of jute does not possess a single jute mill.  Annual production of over 15 lac bales of good quality cotton, but few cotton mills to utilize it. Main policy emphasis on import substitution. Industrial backwardness in 1948:  A country producing nearly 75 % of the world’s production of jute does not possess a single jute mill.  Annual production of over 15 lac bales of good quality cotton, but few cotton mills to utilize it. Phase I (Industrial Policy of 1948-58)

5.  Abundant Hides, skins, wool, sugarcane and tobacco.  Untapped resources of minerals and petroleum.  Abundant Hides, skins, wool, sugarcane and tobacco.  Untapped resources of minerals and petroleum. Phase I (Industrial Policy of 1948-58)

6. Matter of priorities in February 1953  Use of own materials e.g. cotton, jute, bamboos, sugarcane, wools, hides and skin  Reduction of imports  Maximum productive  Maximum employment  Net social and economic advantages to the country.  Arms and ammunition, atomic energy, production of railway wagons, telephone and wireless apparatus Matter of priorities in February 1953  Use of own materials e.g. cotton, jute, bamboos, sugarcane, wools, hides and skin  Reduction of imports  Maximum productive  Maximum employment  Net social and economic advantages to the country.  Arms and ammunition, atomic energy, production of railway wagons, telephone and wireless apparatus Phase I (Industrial Policy of 1948-58)

7. Phase II (Industrial Policy of 1958-68)  Military government came in power.  Review various economic spheres.  New industrial policy announce in 1959.  Renewed emphasis on private sector  Military government came in power.  Review various economic spheres.  New industrial policy announce in 1959.  Renewed emphasis on private sector

8.  Development of agro based industries with a particular focus on export industries.  Shift away from its light consumer goods and easy processing category towards intermediate and capital industries i.e. electrical, chemical, machine tools.  Development of agro based industries with a particular focus on export industries.  Shift away from its light consumer goods and easy processing category towards intermediate and capital industries i.e. electrical, chemical, machine tools. Phase II (Industrial Policy of 1958-68)

9. a)Mixed economy  Iron and steel industries  Basic metal industries  Heavy engineering industries  Assembly and manufacture of motor vehicles  Tractor plants a)Mixed economy  Iron and steel industries  Basic metal industries  Heavy engineering industries  Assembly and manufacture of motor vehicles  Tractor plants Phase III (Industrial Policy of 1970-77)

10.  Heavy and basic chemicals  Petro-chemical industries  Cement industries  Public utility including electrical generations, gas, oil refineries.  Heavy and basic chemicals  Petro-chemical industries  Cement industries  Public utility including electrical generations, gas, oil refineries.

11. Phase III (Industrial Policy of 1970-77) b) Nationalization ( Board of industrial management)  Federal Chemicals and ceramics corporation limited  Federal Light engineering corporation limited  National design and industrial services corporation limited  National Fertilizer Corporation of Pakistan.  Pakistan automobile corporation limited b) Nationalization ( Board of industrial management)  Federal Chemicals and ceramics corporation limited  Federal Light engineering corporation limited  National design and industrial services corporation limited  National Fertilizer Corporation of Pakistan.  Pakistan automobile corporation limited

12.  Pakistan Industrial Development Corporation of Pakistan.  Pakistan steel mills corporation  State cement corporation limited  Heavy engineering and machine tools limited  State petroleum refining and petrol Chemical Corporation limited.  Pakistan Industrial Development Corporation of Pakistan.  Pakistan steel mills corporation  State cement corporation limited  Heavy engineering and machine tools limited  State petroleum refining and petrol Chemical Corporation limited. Phase III (Industrial Policy of 1970-77)

13.  Industrial units producing Vegetable ghee were also nationalized.  Shipping industry was nationalized in January 1974.  Some Agricultural processing industries were nationalized in July 1976.  Labor reforms  Industrial units producing Vegetable ghee were also nationalized.  Shipping industry was nationalized in January 1974.  Some Agricultural processing industries were nationalized in July 1976.  Labor reforms

14. Phase III (Industrial Policy of 1970-77)  Re-imposition of exports duties  Reductions of sales tax rate on imports  Fiscal incentives for less developed areas of the countries.  Re-imposition of exports duties  Reductions of sales tax rate on imports  Fiscal incentives for less developed areas of the countries.

15. Phase IV (Industrial Policy of 1977-80)  Denationalization.  Agriculture processing units denationalize.  Dear Ismail Khan and Malakand Division (Five year tax holiday and revision of import duty on machinery for industries).  Denationalization.  Agriculture processing units denationalize.  Dear Ismail Khan and Malakand Division (Five year tax holiday and revision of import duty on machinery for industries).

16. Industrial policy in 1990s  Deletion policy  Deregulation measures  Privatization Policy  Deletion policy  Deregulation measures  Privatization Policy

17.  Comprehensive deletion policy was announce in 1987  Objective to achieve self-reliance  Engineering sector  Ensuring transfer technology  Developing linkages various segment of the industries.  Comprehensive deletion policy was announce in 1987  Objective to achieve self-reliance  Engineering sector  Ensuring transfer technology  Developing linkages various segment of the industries. Deletion policy