1. Open Your Mouth & Say “Ah”
Searching for Signs of Energy Balance in the Oral Microbiome
Center for Energy Balance Journal Club
Kristi Hoffman, PhD, MPH
12/17/2015

2. Journal Club Outline What is the microbiome?
Energy balance and the gut microbiota
Why focus on the mouth?
Data with the Mexican-American cohort
Future Directions
Outline

4. Man and microbe have a symbiotic relationship
Adapted from Turnbaugh et al, 2007

5. The gut microbiome influences energy balance
Diet rapidly alters gut microbiota
Tremaroli & Backhed, Nature 2012
Obese gut dysbiosis influences host physiology

6. Obese phenotype transmissable via gut microbiome
Tremaroli et al, Cell Metabolism 2015
Walker & Parkhill, Science 2013

7. What about the oral microbiota?

8. Obesity increases risk for oral pathology
Reduced salivary flow rate
Dry mouth
Halitosis
Dry mouth, halitosis and obesity
Decreased salivary flow rate
Obese children at higher risk of dental caries
Relationship in adults less clear
Obese adults and children have higher odds of periodontal disease
Dependent on oral hygiene

9. Post-prandial saliva of obese exhibits greater proteolysis, less lipolysis
Falchi et al, Nature Genetics 2014
Pepino et al, Obesity 2014
Smoking in goodson
In animals, reduced responsiveness to peripheral taste receptor cells
Vors et al, Int Journal of Obesity 2015

10. Salivary proteins vary by obese state
Falchi et al, Nature Genetics 2014
Falchi et al, Nature Genetics 2014
Pepino et al, Obesity 2014
Smoking in goodson
In animals, reduced responsiveness to peripheral taste receptor cells
Pepino et al, Obesity 2014

11. Early oral microbiome studies found links with obesity
Falchi et al, Nature Genetics 2014
Pepino et al, Obesity 2014
Smoking in goodson; Selemonas
In animals, reduced responsiveness to peripheral taste receptor cells

12. Early oral microbiome studies found links with obesity
Zeigler et al, Pediatric Obesity 2012
In animals, reduced responsiveness to peripheral taste receptor cells

13. Early oral microbiome studies found links with obesity
Tremaroli et al, Cell Metabolism 2015 (figure)
Shillitoe et al, Journal of Oral Microbiology 2012 (referenced research)
Zeigler et al, Pediatric Obesity 2012

14. Mano a Mano Mexican-American Cohort
Prospective cohort
>25,000 self-identified Mexican-Americans
Living in greater Houston metropolitan area
Demographic and health information gathered at baseline
Blood, urine, buccal sample
Followed annually for changes in health status, including weight gain/loss, diabetes and cancer dx
Chow et al, Int Journal of Epidemiology 2015

15. Characteristics of the Mexican-American cohort
ALL UNPUBLISHED DATA REMOVED FROM PRESENTATION
Chow et al, Int Journal of Epidemiology 2015

16. Mano a Mano Mexican-American Cohort
Prospective cohort
>25,000 self-identified Mexican-Americans
Living in greater Houston metropolitan area
Demographic and health information gathered at baseline
Blood, urine, buccal sample
Followed annually for changes in health status, including weight gain/loss, diabetes and cancer dx
Buccal sample
DNA
Swish & spit mouth wash
16S rRNA gene
>16,000 sequencing reads per sample!
Chow et al, Int Journal of Epidemiology 2015

17. To summarize…
ALL UNPUBLISHED DATA REMOVED FROM SLIDE PRESENTATION

18. What does it all mean?

19. What does it all mean? Oral microbiome as a biomarker
Biological mechanism or proxy for other factors
Identify those most in need of intervention for weight gain prevention

20. Many prospective cohorts have buccal or saliva samples
Adapted and updated from Nutritional Epidemiology (2013), W. Willet

21. Future Plans Evaluate prediction model with additional taxa
Increase sample size to 400
ALL UNPUBLISHED DATA REMOVED FROM SLIDE PRESENTATION

22. Acknowledgements Carrie Daniel-MacDougall Jing Zhang Joe Petrosino
UT MD Anderson Cancer Center
Carrie Daniel-MacDougall
Jing Zhang
Alkek Center for Metagenomics & Microbiome Research
Joe Petrosino
Nadim Ajami
Diane Hutchinson
Dan Smith