1. Identifying CIT cases using in situ data and satellite cloud top temperatures Jamie Wolff NCAR/RAL CIT mini-workshop Oct 12, 2006

2. In situ Data Goal: To augment/replace subjective PIREPs with objective and precise turbulence measurements Features: Automatically computes/records turbulence intensities Aircraft independent (eddy dissipation rate, EDR) Automatically downloads data during flight using ACARS network –Packet of 1-minute data downloaded every 4 minutes Horizontal uncertainty < 10 km Time uncertainty < 1 min Altitude very good

3. EDR -> intensity Current mapping of in situ EDR value to turbulence intensity (as displayed on ADDs): 0.05: Null 0.15 – 0.25: Light 0.35 – 0.45: Moderate 0.55 – 0.65: Severe 0.75: Extreme

4. Filtering steps Started with all in situ data from Jun – Oct 2005 (~7.1M) Compared in situ temp report to IR sat CTT –closest Sat +/- 1 hr –757 data > 20,000 ft only –IR CTT < 0 –Avg EDR >= 0.25 152 matches –40 cases have peak EDR >= 0.45 –35 cases have Tdiff < 4C Previously presented 4 other cases (at July workshop) –Sent out a list of ~20 above/near cloud cases

5. 20050825 CO-NE Four cases –Northern Case 2222 UTC FL370 0.45 EDR –Southern Cases 2205 UTC FL165 0.65 EDR 2213 UTC FL180-190 0.65 EDR 2228 UTC FL220 0.75 EDR

6. 0.65-0.75 EDR FL160-220 b/w 2205-2228 UTC UA22 0.45 EDR FL370 @ 2222 UTC In situ EDR Key: 0.05 – grey, 0.15 – purple, 0.25 – blue, 0.35 – green, 0.45 – yellow, 0.55 – orange, 0.65 – red, 0.75 – pink GOES 8/25/2005 2225 UTC

7. In situ EDR Key: 0.05 – grey, 0.15 – purple, 0.25 – blue, 0.35 – green, 0.45 – yellow, 0.55 – orange, 0.65 – red, 0.75 – pink UA22 0.45 EDR FL370 @ 2222 UTC GOES 8/25/2005 2225 UTC

8. UA22 T -51C / Sat CTT -42C UA22 T -50C UA176 T -53C UA22 FL370 UA176 FL380-390 / Sat CTT -44C In situ EDR Key: 0.05 – grey, 0.15 – purple, 0.25 – blue, 0.35 – green, 0.45 – yellow, 0.55 – orange, 0.65 – red, 0.75 – pink UA22 0.45 EDR FL370 @ 2222 UTC GOES IR 8/25/2005 2225 UTC

9. UA22 FL370 UA176 FL380-390 In situ EDR Key: 0.05 – grey, 0.15 – purple, 0.25 – blue, 0.35 – green, 0.45 – yellow, 0.55 – orange, 0.65 – red, 0.75 – pink UA22 0.45 EDR FL370 @ 2222 UTC Radar Reflect. 8/25/2005 2225 UTC

10. Southern cases –UA8160 2205-2206 UTC 0.65 EDR –UA354 2213-2214 UTC 0.65 EDR –UA252 2227-2228 UTC 0.75 EDR 20050825 CO

11. UA8160 0.65 EDR @ 2205-2206 UA8160 FL160-180 In situ EDR Key: 0.05 – grey, 0.15 – purple, 0.25 – blue, 0.35 – green, 0.45 – yellow, 0.55 – orange, 0.65 – red, 0.75 – pink GOES 8/25/2005 2203 UTC

12. UA8160 0.65 EDR @ 2205-2206 In situ EDR Key: 0.05 – grey, 0.15 – purple, 0.25 – blue, 0.35 – green, 0.45 – yellow, 0.55 – orange, 0.65 – red, 0.75 – pink Radar Reflect. 8/25/2005 2203 UTC

13. UA354 0.65 EDR @ 2213-2214 UA354 FL160-210 In situ EDR Key: 0.05 – grey, 0.15 – purple, 0.25 – blue, 0.35 – green, 0.45 – yellow, 0.55 – orange, 0.65 – red, 0.75 – pink GOES 8/25/2005 2215 UTC

14. UA354 0.65 EDR @ 2213-2214 In situ EDR Key: 0.05 – grey, 0.15 – purple, 0.25 – blue, 0.35 – green, 0.45 – yellow, 0.55 – orange, 0.65 – red, 0.75 – pink Radar Reflect. 8/25/2005 2215 UTC

15. UA252 0.65 EDR @ 2228 UA252 FL160-220 In situ EDR Key: 0.05 – grey, 0.15 – purple, 0.25 – blue, 0.35 – green, 0.45 – yellow, 0.55 – orange, 0.65 – red, 0.75 – pink GOES 8/25/2005 2225 UTC

16. UA252 0.65 EDR @ 2228 In situ EDR Key: 0.05 – grey, 0.15 – purple, 0.25 – blue, 0.35 – green, 0.45 – yellow, 0.55 – orange, 0.65 – red, 0.75 – pink Radar Reflect. 8/25/2005 2225 UTC

17. 20050916 CO UA579 2331-2332 UTC FL240-260 0.55 EDR UA729 2320-2323 UTC FL220-190 0.35 EDR

18. UA579 0.55 EDR @ 2331-2332 FL240-260 UA579 UA729 peak EDR 0.35 @ 2320-2323 FL220-190 In situ EDR Key: 0.05 – grey, 0.15 – purple, 0.25 – blue, 0.35 – green, 0.45 – yellow, 0.55 – orange, 0.65 – red, 0.75 – pink GOES 9/16/2005 2333 UTC

19. 20050809 VA’s UA305 1232-1233 UTC FL340 0.55-0.45 EDR

20. UA305 0.55 EDR @ 1233 FL340 0.45 EDR @ 1232 FL350 UA305 In situ EDR Key: 0.05 – grey, 0.15 – purple, 0.25 – blue, 0.35 – green, 0.45 – yellow, 0.55 – orange, 0.65 – red, 0.75 – pink GOES 8/9/2005 1215 UTC

21. UA305 0.55 EDR @ 1233 FL340 0.45 EDR @ 1232 FL350 In situ EDR Key: 0.05 – grey, 0.15 – purple, 0.25 – blue, 0.35 – green, 0.45 – yellow, 0.55 – orange, 0.65 – red, 0.75 – pink GOES 8/9/2005 1245 UTC

22. UA305 0.55 EDR @ 1233 FL340 0.45 EDR @ 1232 FL350 In situ EDR Key: 0.05 – grey, 0.15 – purple, 0.25 – blue, 0.35 – green, 0.45 – yellow, 0.55 – orange, 0.65 – red, 0.75 – pink Radar Reflect. 8/9/2005 1235 UTC

23. 20050805 N. IN UA452 0239 UTC FL370 0.25 EDR UA838 0246 UTC FL390 0.35 EDR

24. In situ EDR Key: 0.05 – grey, 0.15 – purple, 0.25 – blue, 0.35 – green, 0.45 – yellow, 0.55 – orange, 0.65 – red, 0.75 – pink UA838 UA452 GOES IR 8/5/2005 0240 UTC UA838 0.35 EDR @ 0246 FL390 UA452 0.25 EDR @ 0239 FL370

25. In situ EDR Key: 0.05 – grey, 0.15 – purple, 0.25 – blue, 0.35 – green, 0.45 – yellow, 0.55 – orange, 0.65 – red, 0.75 – pink Radar Reflect. 8/5/2005 0240 UTC UA838 0.35 EDR @ 0246 FL390 UA452 0.25 EDR @ 0239 FL370

26. In situ EDR Key: 0.05 – grey, 0.15 – purple, 0.25 – blue, 0.35 – green, 0.45 – yellow, 0.55 – orange, 0.65 – red, 0.75 – pink

27. Issues Comparing AC measured temperature to satellite cloud top temperature –Cloud top temperature uncertainties – how accurate are they? –Temperature inversions - can be deceiving –AC under an anvil – how do we identify? –Timing of satellite image and in situ report – not always well matched Compare cases to MODIS imagery Expand to Summer 2006 Look at Winter 2005 cases in Southeast U.S. Examine derived indices to look for good CIT indicators Future Work