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Published byHope Williams Modified over 8 years ago
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Two cell types Prokaryotes -simple Pro=before kary=nucleus NO nucleus No membrane-bound organelles Small in size Usually unicellular organisms (bacteria) Eukaryotes - complex Eu=true kary=nucleus Has a nucleus Has membrane-bound organelles: nucleus, vacuole, mitochondrion… Large in size Mostly multicellular organisms
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Cell Parts Animal Cell Plant Cell
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Nucleus: Control Center Contains the DNA: the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules Nucleolus: where the assembly of ribosomes begins
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Vacuoles : Storage Center Vacuoles store materials like water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates Plant: 1 large Animal: many, small
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Ribosomes: Assembly (synthesis) Proteins are assembled on the ribosomes Ribosome: small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in all cells Takes orders directly from DNA “boss”
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Mitochondria: The Powerhouse Converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use Has an inner and outer membrane (more surface area inside)
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Cell Membrane: Barrier Cell Membrane: flexible; regulates what enters and leaves the cell. Provides protection and support
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Plants only: Chloroplasts - Energy Chloroplasts: capture energy from sunlight and convert it into food that contains chemical energy in a process called PHOTOSYNTHESIS Inside looks like a stack of green coins
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Plants only: Cell Wall: Support/Protect Cell Wall: outside the cell membrane; it helps support, shape, and protect plant cells Composed of cellulose
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Animals only: Centrioles: Organize Cell Division Centrioles: Located near the nucleus and help organize cell division Animal cells have them; plants DON’T
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Endoplasmic Reticulum: Internal Membrane System Rough ER: ribosomes on surface; ribosomes insert new proteins into rough ER where they may be chemically modified Smooth ER: hold a collection of enzymes
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Golgi Apparatus: Post Office Golgi Apparatus: modifies, sorts, and packages proteins & other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or release outside the cell
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