1. CS11. An Expanding Workforce and Labor Unions.

2. We will: Look at the causes of increased worker demand in industry and why labor unions were needed. I will: Understand why workers were needed in industry and why they formed labor unions.

3. Demand for Workers. Because industry relied on factories, more workers were needed in the city (urban). Americans began migrating from rural areas to urban areas. (internal migration) Immigrants heard of the new jobs in America and came here too.

4. Changing Nature of Work. Long Working Hours ( 12-14 hours a day) Low Wages: (men: $80 a week, women: $35, children: $15) Pay in coupons: to be spent at company shop Accidents: unguarded machines, tired workers, slippery floors Poor health: dusty, noisy, damp, lack of light No compensation: for injury or ill health 1 st unions were: American Railway Union; American. Federation of Labor; Knights of Labor, United Mine Workers Fought for the right of Collective Bargaining negotiation of wages and other conditions of employment by an organized body of employees on behalf of ALL workers Working conditions. Wages. Terms of employment. (hours, days, vacations, sick leave etc.)

5. Strategies of both Sides in dealing with Labor Disputes Labor/Workers – Strikes – Picketing – Boycott – Public Relations Bosses/Owners – Lockout – Scabs – Goons - Pinkertons – Laissez-faire (injunctions)

6. RESULT

7. NEWSPAPER HEADLINES “LABOR LEADERS EXECUTED FOR CAUSING HAYMARKET RIOT DESPITE LACKING EVIDENCE!” “STATE MILITIA CALLED IN TO END PEACEFUL HOMESTEAD STRIKE!” “1,000 JAILED AS SILVER MINERS PROTEST WAGE CUTS!” COURTS END 2-WEEK STRIKE WITH INJUNCTION! UNION LEADERS OUTRAGED!” Based on the headlines, who was the Unions biggest opponent? a. Employees b. The public c. The government d. Radical Union Leaders

8. Violence Leads to Growth! As Americans begin reading/seeing strikes that turned violent, they became sympathetic to the Union movement. Newspaper often gave a biased view of the workers point of view. – It was easy to vilify the corporation.

9. Writing: Which side (labor vs. owners) had the stronger argument in how they dealt with solving their grievances?

10. Small Group: – What three grievances do you have concerning Perry High School? – Come up with 1 strategy that would have a long-term impact on solving your grievance.