2. Grade 10 History

3. The Culprits

4. The Famine of 1315-1317  By 1300 Europeans were farming almost all the land they could cultivate FEUDALISM.  A population crisis developed OVERCROWDING  Climate changes in Europe produced three years of crop failures between 1315-17 because of excessive rain.  As many as 15% of the peasants in some English villages died.  One consequence of starvation & poverty was susceptibility to disease.

6. 1347: Plague Reaches Constantinople!

8. The Symptoms Bulbous Septicemic Form: almost 100% mortality rate.

9. From the Toggenburg Bible, 1411

10. Lancing a Buboe

11. The Disease Cycle Flea drinks rat blood that carries the bacteria. Flea’s gut clogged with bacteria. Bacteria multiply in flea’s gut. Flea bites human and regurgitates blood into human wound. Human is infected!

12. Medieval Art & the Plague

13. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grbSQ6O6kbs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R91L7LhH- Bring out your dead!

14. Medieval Art & the Plague An obsession with death.

15. Boccaccio in The Decameron The victims ate lunch with their friends and dinner with their ancestors.

16. The Danse Macabre

18. Attempts to Stop the Plague A Doctor’s Robe “Leeching”

19. Attempts to Stop the Plague Flagellanti: Self-inflicted “penance” for our sins!

20. Death Triumphant !: A Major Artistic Theme

22. Religious Artifacts

23. Plague Pits

24. The Black Death or Bubonic Plague Common people believed the Plague was caused by God. 25—30% of Europe’s population was destroyed by 1350, never to fully recover until 1600s. People who survived the Plague were better off because there now was more opportunity for them. Church uses the plague to claim people are sinners…hope to reinforce authority.

25. A Little Macabre Ditty “A sickly season,” the merchant said, “The town I left was filled with dead, and everywhere these queer red flies crawled upon the corpses’ eyes, eating them away.” “Fair make you sick,” the merchant said, “They crawled upon the wine and bread. Pale priests with oil and books, bulging eyes and crazy looks, dropping like the flies.”

26. A Little Macabre Ditty (2) “I had to laugh,” the merchant said, “The doctors purged, and dosed, and bled; “And proved through solemn disputation “The cause lay in some constellation. “Then they began to die.” “First they sneezed,” the merchant said, “And then they turned the brightest red, Begged for water, then fell back. With bulging eyes and face turned black, they waited for the flies.”

27. A Little Macabre Ditty (3) “I came away,” the merchant said, “You can’t do business with the dead. “So I’ve come here to ply my trade. “You’ll find this to be a fine brocade…” And then he sneezed……….!

28. The Mortality Rate 35% - 70% 25,000,000 dead !!!

29. Continuity and Change Change and continuity are on-going and ever present Change can occur at different rates Change and continuity can be both positive and negative Comparisons can be made between points of history and between the past and the present Periodization is a way of marking historical change and continuity

30. The Fourth Horseman “The factors that allowed the Black Death to escape the remoteness of inner Asia and to savage the cities of medieval Europe, China, and the Middle East still operate.” -- The Great Mortality Today they operate on a vastly larger scale! WHY?