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Geneva: Dec. 2006 WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006 Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg COST-720 Integrated Ground-Based Remote Sensing.

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Presentation on theme: "Geneva: Dec. 2006 WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006 Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg COST-720 Integrated Ground-Based Remote Sensing."— Presentation transcript:

1 Geneva: Dec. 2006 Dirk.Engelbart@dwd.de WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006 Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg COST-720 Integrated Ground-Based Remote Sensing Stations for Atmospheric Profiling Concept  COST-720  Objectives + Structure  Campaigns  Major Results Remote-sensing field site at Lindenberg Observatory Dirk Engelbart (DWD), Wim Monna (KNMI), and John Nash (UKMO)

2 Geneva: Dec. 2006 Dirk.Engelbart@dwd.de WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006 Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg  development of integrated ground-based remote-sensing stations for atmospheric profiling  Assessment of their use for meteorological analysis, forecast, climate research and monitoring  Set-up of networks of integrated profiling stations during dedicated campaigns Goals of COST-720

3 Geneva: Dec. 2006 Dirk.Engelbart@dwd.de WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006 Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg Organisation - I WG1, Basic Techniques and Algorithms Assessment of the state of the art of individual techniques in view of potential for integration Improvements where necessary and possible Considered measurement systems: - Microwave and IR Radiometer - water-vapour and Doppler wind Lidar - Wind profiling radar/RASS - Cloud radar - SPC ceilometer - C-Band weather radar.

4 Geneva: Dec. 2006 Dirk.Engelbart@dwd.de WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006 Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg Organisation - II WG2, Integration Development / assessment of methods to derive - Temperature profiles - Humidity profiles - Cloud characteristics - boundary-layer characteristics  from integrated remote sensing  for different kinds of users

5 Geneva: Dec. 2006 Dirk.Engelbart@dwd.de WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006 Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg Field experiments: TUC Payerne, Switzerland 15 November, 2003 – 15 February, 2004 In-situ & ground-based remote-sensing systems Goals Test of basic ground-based T and U profiling systems Study ability to detect PBL phenomena Assess automatic cloud detection systems Provide dataset to study system integration Instruments 1290 MHz wind profiler 78 GHz cloud radar radiometers (ASMUWARA, Radiometrics, IR) radiosondes (3 types) ceilometer GPS humidity system total sky imager BSRN instruments

6 Geneva: Dec. 2006 Dirk.Engelbart@dwd.de WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006 Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg Field experiments: TUC Results:  10 reviewed papers published in a Special Issue «COST-720 TUC» of Met.Z.: Vol. 15, No. 1, 2006, 97pp. Intercomparisons found biases in both ….  microwave radiometers  all radiosondes’ humidity FMCW cloud radar can monitor fog base/top Radiometer and wind profiler able to monitor:  T and humidity inversions near surface First integration of Wind Profiler and Microwave Radiometer for humidity profiling

7 Geneva: Dec. 2006 Dirk.Engelbart@dwd.de WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006 Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg Field experiments: CSIP  CSIP = “Convective Storm Initiation Project” Central-Southern England, June – August 2005 COST-720 and UK Universities System integration studies for summertime PBL High-resolution NWP modelling Instruments: Microwave radiometer Laser ceilometer 1290 MHz windprofiler Chilbolton radar Radiosondes

8 Geneva: Dec. 2006 Dirk.Engelbart@dwd.de WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006 Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg Field experiments: CSIP Results UHF radar can see lids of convective inhibition and resolve structure of convective plumes Radiometer IWV in good agreement with most GPS sensors at high temporal resolution Radar refractivity measurements can make humidity changes Cold Pools behind mesoscale convective systems Analysis is ongoing... See: http://www.env.leeds.ac.uk/csip/

9 Geneva: Dec. 2006 Dirk.Engelbart@dwd.de WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006 Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg Field experiments: Helsinki Testbed Helsinki Testbed (see: Poutiainen paper)  Southern Finland, Finnish MetOffice, August 2005 (start)  = permanent integrated profiling station Provides data & experience for Mesoscale weather research Forecast- and dispersion-model development Instruments Finnish weather observation network Vaisala WXT510 weather transmitter network (60) 1.3 GHz windprofiler/RASS Dual-polarization weather radar

10 Geneva: Dec. 2006 Dirk.Engelbart@dwd.de WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006 Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg (1)Assessment of new or improved humidity, temperature, and wind profiling systems profiling systems:  Water vapour Lidar systems (Raman Lidar and DIAL)  Doppler wind Lidar vs WPR (ZIE)  inter-comparison of different types of MWP systems  FTIR spectrometer  High-range SPC ceilometer (2)Assessment of various algorithms, combining different techniques for profiling of cloud parameters (integrated profiling), in particular  LWC profiling  Improved rain rate profiling by radar (3)Provision of a data set, designed for validation and comparisons between measurements and NWP output, (4)Provision of a data set for OSEs using 3D-/4D-VAR data assimilation for high-resolution WV-profiling systems in regional NWP modelling  3D-VAR / 4D-VAR MM5/ECMWF system of Hohenheim + of L‘Aquila (3D-VAR)  NWP output validation using the FZK-IFU MM5 with a modified integration and advection scheme Field experiments: LAUNCH-2005 (see special poster) (29 th Aug. – 31 st Oct, 2005)

11 Geneva: Dec. 2006 Dirk.Engelbart@dwd.de WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006 Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg LAUNCH-2005: Basic techniques Improvement of microwave profiling (humidity & temperature) Validation  Dec.2004 – Nov.2005: Bias & rms-error of T and U profiles (vs. RS) applying: neural network measurement-based regression (operational regr.) Model-based regression method (training): - may improve profiling performance - allows easy use of MWP at all sites

12 Geneva: Dec. 2006 Dirk.Engelbart@dwd.de WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006 Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg Lidar: RAMSES data example: Sep 25/26, 2005 LAUNCH-2005: Basic techniques DWD RAMSES (Raman Lidar for Atmospheric Moisture SEnSing) DWD - RAMSES ● automated operation, data acquisition, & evaluation ● at MOL-RAO now 15 months of test operation ● similar fully-autonomous systems are in test mode at Payerne and Cabauw ● commercial network systems below 150 k€ now available (COST-720 final workshop)

13 Geneva: Dec. 2006 Dirk.Engelbart@dwd.de WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006 Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg Lidar: RAMSES data example: Sep 25/26, 2005 LAUNCH-2005: Basic techniques

14 Geneva: Dec. 2006 Dirk.Engelbart@dwd.de WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006 Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg Mean Z-R-relation over 30 hours “Large“ drop mode, 6 hours LAUNCH-2005: Integrated Profiling “Small“ drop mode, 8 hours Rain rates by Weather Radar + Micro-Rain Radar  Z/R relation (x-Band Rad.) according to real DSD DSD: classified in modes measured by MRR

15 Geneva: Dec. 2006 Dirk.Engelbart@dwd.de WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006 Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg European domain Raman Lidar DIAL Cloud Radar / MRR Microwave Radiometer Systems in the domain 14 Lidar systems (WV systems) 8 MWP systems (2 MW radiometer) 3 cloud radars (+1 MRR at Leipzig) 11 MRR (Validation) Ceilometers (Validation) LAUNCH-2005:

16 Geneva: Dec. 2006 Dirk.Engelbart@dwd.de WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006 Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg OSE Domain Italy Raman Lidar Cloud radar Microwave radiometer Potenza e L‘Aquila Other systems  MFRSR (Lampedusa) Radiosondes - Potenza - L‘Aquila - Rom - Lecce - Lampedusa LAUNCH-2005:

17 Geneva: Dec. 2006 Dirk.Engelbart@dwd.de WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006 Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg Raman Lidar Doppler Lidar DIAL Cloud Radar Wind Profiler Microwave Radiometer Involved observing systems: Objectives: - Data assimilation impact studies - NWP validation Supersites: (Validation) - Lindenberg  RAO + GM - Potenza  IMAA + UniBAS - Leipzig ( = IPT site) OSE Network Germany

18 Geneva: Dec. 2006 Dirk.Engelbart@dwd.de WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006 Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg 23:00 00:00 02:00 01:00 Time UTC Observation ECMWF i.s. 4D-Var i.s. Height asl / km WV mixing ratio Oct. 26/27, 2005 i.s. = initial state LAUNCH-2005: Assimilation of WV lidar

19 Geneva: Dec. 2006 Dirk.Engelbart@dwd.de WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006 Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg LAUNCH-2005: Assimilation of WV lidar 4D-VAR

20 Geneva: Dec. 2006 Dirk.Engelbart@dwd.de WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006 Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg Water-vapour mixing ratio 13.10., 18:59 UTC – 14.10., 05:07 UTC MWP RAMSES LM LAUNCH-2005: Validation of humidity modeling

21 Geneva: Dec. 2006 Dirk.Engelbart@dwd.de WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006 Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg Water-vapour mixing ratio 14.10., 1712 UTC - 15.10., 0511 UTC RAMSES MWP LM LAUNCH-2005: Validation of humidity modeling Clouds

22 Geneva: Dec. 2006 Dirk.Engelbart@dwd.de WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006 Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg Cloud profiling (CloudNet cooperation) Comparison Measurement - Model: (Examp. Chilbolton vs. DWD-LM: Jan – Sep 04)  Freq. of LWCs in clouds  Obvious model deficits  Strong model underestimation of LWC in low clouds Model validation using Integrated profiling

23 Geneva: Dec. 2006 Dirk.Engelbart@dwd.de WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006 Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg Major Results of COST-720 / I (related to operational users) (1) Basic techniques & algorithms - major improvements in microwave profiling (operationally applicable all-weather technique) (2) Algorithms for system Integration - combination of MWP and WPR for improved humidity sounding - MWP, cloud radar, lidar, rain-gauge (CloudNet) - weather radar and MRR for improved rain rates from weather radar - MWP, cloud radar + lidar for profiling of cloud characteristics (3) Proposals for system integration a) Wind:compos.profiling using Sodar + WPR b) Temperature:RASS + MWP c) Humidity:MWP + WPR (WV Lidar for validation & reference) d) Clouds:MWP, cloud radar, lidar (+ rain gauge) (see Results-III) (IPT, radar-lidar method or CloudNet retrieval) …..still ongoing evaluations (LAUNCH, CSIP, Helsinki-Testbed)……

24 Geneva: Dec. 2006 Dirk.Engelbart@dwd.de WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006 Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg Major Results of COST-720 / II (related to operational users) (1)Results for NWP - definition and test of NetCDF data formats for MWP and Lidar humidity profiling - OSEs using WV-Lidar in data assimilation to NWP models  clear impact for high data qualities - validation potential of NWP output (supply of reference quality for wind, temperature, humidity profiles and cloud characteristics) (1)New system developments related to COST-720: - hardware improvements of MWP systems  enhanced all-weather capabilities - autonomous WV Raman-lidar systems in Lindenberg / in near future also Cabauw(in 2007) and Payerne(early 2007) - commmercial Doppler-wind (100k€) and aerosol/humidity lidar (<150k€) (1)Network stations for integrated profiling in Europe Lindenberg (GER), Payerne + Bern (CH), Palaiseau (Paris, F), L’Aquila + Rome + Potenza (I), Cabauw (NL), Camborne + Chilbolton (GB), Helsinki (FIN)

25 Geneva: Dec. 2006 Dirk.Engelbart@dwd.de WMO / TECO – Dec 4 - 6, 2006 Richard-Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg Major Results of COST-720 / III (related to operational users) Integrated station for NWP validation / cloud profiling: Instruments – Doppler cloud radar (Pulsed or FMCW / 94 or 35 GHz [less attenuation]) – SPC Ceilometer or (real) Lidar – Dual-frequency microwave radiometer (23.8, 36.5 GHz / use ceilometer to help calibrate) – Rain gauge (drop counting rather than tipping bucket) CLOUDNET has realized integration meanwhile:  www.cloudnet.org 4 remote-sensing sites (currently), 7 models (currently) already provides yearly/monthly statistics for cloud fraction and IWC / LWC including comparisons betw. observations & models Algorithms (developed and/or assessed during COST-720) – Integrated profiling technique (IPT) – Radar-Lidar approach – CloudNet retrieval (classification)

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