1. Welcome

2. Advanced Organizer Read the chapter first
Have access to the supplemental materials in Blackboard

3. Theory Basics Explains/predicts behavior Plan interventions
Evaluating theory
Parsimony, clear hypotheses, generates research
See handout “Evaluating Theories” in Blackboard

4. Trait/Factor Theories
Parsons/Williamson
Holland’s RIASEC Theory
Person-Environment Correspondence Theory
Brown’s Values Theory
Cognitive Information Processing Theory

5. Parsons’ Theory: Three components to career choice
Knowledge
About
Self
Knowledge
About
Options
True Reasoning

6. Williamson: Types of Career Problems
Uncertainty
No choice
Discrepancy between interests and abilities
Unwise

7. Williamson’s 6 Stages Analysis (data) Synthesis (strengths/weaknesses)
Diagnosis (problem/cause)
Prognosis (chance of success?)
Counseling
Follow-Up

8. Which Type? How Would you Counsel?
Andy is very interested in being an accountant. However, he keeps failing the CPA exam, even after hiring multiple tutors.
Carol has changed her major 6 times, doesn’t want to make a “bad” choice again so is delaying until summer to choose.
Ben is having difficulty narrowing down his career options.
Ellen wants to be a doctor because “they make a lot of $, everyone respects you, and it will make my parents so proud.”
Options:
Uncertain
Discrepancy
No choice
Unwise

9. Which Type? How Would you Counsel?
Andy is very interested in being an accountant. However, he keeps failing the CPA exam, even after hiring multiple tutors.
Carol has changed her major 6 times, doesn’t want to make a “bad” choice again so is delaying until summer to choose.
Ben is having difficulty narrowing down his career options.
Ellen wants to be a doctor because “they make a lot of $, everyone respects you, and it will make my parents so proud.”
Discrepancy
No choice
Uncertain
Unwise

10. Holland’s RIASEC theory

11. RIASEC THEORY Basic Assumptions: 6 types of personalities
Realistic
Investigative
Basic Assumptions:
6 types of personalities
6 types of “environments”
We seek for environments that will allow us to express our main personality.
Behavior is predictable.
Consistency, congruency
6 types, 6 environments
consistency, congruence, vocational identity
Conventional
Artistic
Enterprising
Social

12. Person-Environment Correspondence (PEC) Theory
Dawis and Lofquist
P-E interaction
Basic idea: I must meet work demands, work must meet my demands

13. Consider... A job I loved A job I hated What aspects did you love?
What aspects did you hate or not care for?
Employer reinforcers?
What do these suggest about your needs and reinforcers? 13

14. Potential Occupational Reinforcers
PEC MODEL
Individual
Needs
Abilities
Potential Occupational Reinforcers
(working conditions)
Job Requirements
Not
Satisfactory
Dissatisfaction
Satisfaction
Satisfactoriness
?????
???
???

15. Potential Occupational Reinforcers
PEC MODEL
Individual
Needs
Abilities
Potential Occupational Reinforcers
(working conditions)
Job Requirements
Not
Satisfactory
Dissatisfaction
Satisfaction
Satisfactoriness
TENURED
FIRED
QUIT

16. Brown’s Value Based Theory
Most important element in career choice?
Crystallization
Can you label it?
Apply it to behavior?
Culture based
Individual values and employer values may differ

17. Cognitive Information Processing
Pyramid of Information Processing Domains
(Understanding What’s Involved in A Career Choice)
Executive Processing Domain
Meta-cognitions
Decision-Making Skills Domain
CASVE Cycle
Self Knowledge
Occupational Knowledge
Knowledge Domains

18. CASVE Cycle Communication Identifying the problem - the gap Execution
Taking action to narrow the gap
Analysis Thinking about alternatives
Valuing
Prioritizing alternatives
Synthesis
Generating likely alternatives

19. Readiness Model Complexity (high) _____ readiness __________ readiness
(low)
Capability (low)
(high)

20. Readiness Model Complexity (high) Low readiness Moderate readiness
Moderate readiness High readiness
(low)
Capability (low)
(high)

23. Summary T/F theories are helpful for making a current career decision
Most are well-researched and continue to generate research
Very useful for career planning, goal setting, next steps