1. Study Guide for the Geography of South America

2. Number 1: On a map of Central America and South America, make sure that you know the location of following physical features: Amazon River, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, Panama Canal, Andes Mountains, Sierra Madre Mountains, Atacama Desert, and the Pacific Ocean. You should also be able to label the following countries: Bolivia, Brazil, Columbia, Cuba, Haiti, Mexico, Panama, and Venezuela.

3. 2. Save the Environment Worksheet: Know the answers to all the questions. What is the problem in Mexico City? Why do they have problems getting clean water? Why is the Amazon Rainforest important? What is the problem in the Rainforest? What problem has been caused by oil productions in Venezuela?

4. Why is Mexico City so polluted? Overcrowding Industrialization Vehicle emissions Location at the base of mountains that trap emissions which produce a heavy overlay of smog

5. Problems associated with large populations in Latin American cities. Too many people polluting the air and water Poor waste management Low literacy rates

6. Why do they have problems getting clean water? Fertilizers and pesticides from large farms contaminate the streams and rivers Lack of effective water treatment centers

7. Why cut down the rainforest? Farming Cattle ranches logging

8. What problem has been caused by oil production in Venezuela? The coast along the Caribbean Sea has been polluted with oil

9. 3. What is it meant by the term “biodiversity”? Why does biodiversity make the rain forest more valuable? Biodiversity is the variety of plants and animals. The rainforest is valuable because there may be many plants that could one day be used as medicines to cure diseases. The rainforest has more biodiversity than all of the other biomes combined!

10. 4. What effect does acid rain have on ancient ruins and statues? The acid breaks down the stone material of the statues and causes them to crumble or even break and fall down

11. 5. What is one trade advantage of Venezuela’s location? Access to the sea Oil close to sea ports

12. 6. Do most people living in Mexico and Venezuela live in urban or rural areas? Why? Most live in urban areas Cities allow more opportunities for jobs, education, and healthcare

13. 7. Compare the land area and location of Brazil and Cuba Cuba is significantly smaller than Brazil and has far fewer natural resources

14. 8. Since Cuba has few natural resources, how do Cubans get what products they need? Cuba must import goods from other countries to compensate for not having natural resources

15. 9. Latin America is ethnically diverse because of a blending of which three groups? Europeans Indigenous Americans Africans

16. 10. Define the terms “mestizo” and “mulatto” Mestizo: child of an indigenous American and a European Mulatto: child of a European and an African

17. 11. What is the difference between North America, South America, Middle America and Latin America? North America, South America, and, Middle America are geographic terms. They have nothing to do with groups of people or culture, just geography. Latin America is a cultural term. It came from the Latin languages of Spanish and Portuguese which are spoken in that area.

18. 12. What language do Brazilians speak? Why? Brazilians speak Portuguese because Brazil was once colonized by Portugal.

19. 13. What languages do citizens from Argentina, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Chile, and Peru speak? Why? The citizens in those countries speak Spanish because they were once colonized by Spain.

20. 14. Since Argentina has a high literacy rate (97%), how will this affect its standard of living? high lit. rates = better standard of living low lit. rates = poor standard of living So, Argentina has a high standard of living

21. 15. Why are most people in Central and South America Roman Catholics? The Spanish and Portuguese were Roman Catholic and their religion spread to the colonies in Latin America