1. Show guidelines, which are useful when placing elements and photos: 1. Rightclick on the slide and choose ’Grid and Guides’ 2. Check ’Display drawing guides on screen’ 3. “OK” Common Metrics Policy Goals and Frameworks An EU Perspective Frank McGovern, 4 th April 2012, Bonn

2. To add pre-formatted bullets please use the Increase/Decrease Indent buttons found in the PowerPoint menu Ad Presentation title, location and date 1. Choose ’View’ from topmenu 2. Choose Header and Footer’ 3. Write Presentation Title and Department in footerfield WITH CAPITAL LETTERS and write date in datefield 4. > ‘Apply to All’ Contents History of metrics and their use in the UNFCCC The benefits of the Basket approach What should a gas equivalent metrics do? General principles on the characteristics of metrics Dealing with problems in the design Implications of changing metric Conclusion

3. To add pre-formatted bullets please use the Increase/Decrease Indent buttons found in the PowerPoint menu Ad Presentation title, location and date 1. Choose ’View’ from topmenu 2. Choose Header and Footer’ 3. Write Presentation Title and Department in footerfield WITH CAPITAL LETTERS and write date in datefield 4. > ‘Apply to All’ History of GWPs in the UNFCCC Article 2. Objective: stabilisation of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system Long lived greenhouse gases are the key challenge. Process must facilitate actions on these gases.

4. To add pre-formatted bullets please use the Increase/Decrease Indent buttons found in the PowerPoint menu Ad Presentation title, location and date 1. Choose ’View’ from topmenu 2. Choose Header and Footer’ 3. Write Presentation Title and Department in footerfield WITH CAPITAL LETTERS and write date in datefield 4. > ‘Apply to All’ History of GWPs in the UNFCCC Develop, periodically update, publish and make available to the Conference of national inventories of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, using comparable methodologies to be agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties; Kyoto Protocol Article 3: Ensure that their aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A. Carbon dioxide (C02) Methane (CH4) Nitrous oxide (N20) Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)

5. To add pre-formatted bullets please use the Increase/Decrease Indent buttons found in the PowerPoint menu Ad Presentation title, location and date 1. Choose ’View’ from topmenu 2. Choose Header and Footer’ 3. Write Presentation Title and Department in footerfield WITH CAPITAL LETTERS and write date in datefield 4. > ‘Apply to All’ The benefits of the basket approach Basket Enables more policy options and flexibilities Provides a economy wide signal Targets the key gases Avoids negotiations on targets for individual gases Economically efficient overall Key Requirement An agreed common metric to aggregate emissions

6. To add pre-formatted bullets please use the Increase/Decrease Indent buttons found in the PowerPoint menu Ad Presentation title, location and date 1. Choose ’View’ from topmenu 2. Choose Header and Footer’ 3. Write Presentation Title and Department in footerfield WITH CAPITAL LETTERS and write date in datefield 4. > ‘Apply to All’ What should a gas equivalent metric do? Provide a robust scientific basis for quantifying and comparing the potential climate impacts of the basket of GHGs Provide a common view of the relative importance of emissions Enable an agreed basis for target setting and tracking progress on targets over defined periods. Allow fungible trading of gases. Avoids biases and perverse outcomes Provide a fair basis for assessing equivalent effort. Support achievement of global temperature goals

7. To add pre-formatted bullets please use the Increase/Decrease Indent buttons found in the PowerPoint menu Ad Presentation title, location and date 1. Choose ’View’ from topmenu 2. Choose Header and Footer’ 3. Write Presentation Title and Department in footerfield WITH CAPITAL LETTERS and write date in datefield 4. > ‘Apply to All’ General principles on the characteristics Use for well mixed and evenly distributed gases, i.e., long life GHG Unbiased over the basket of gases Easy to understand and links with responsibility Practical and stable Based on objective physical properties Facilitate cost-effective abatement Useable for achievement of the objectives and mechanisms of the convention in an appropriate timeframe Acceptable to the Parties

8. To add pre-formatted bullets please use the Increase/Decrease Indent buttons found in the PowerPoint menu Ad Presentation title, location and date 1. Choose ’View’ from topmenu 2. Choose Header and Footer’ 3. Write Presentation Title and Department in footerfield WITH CAPITAL LETTERS and write date in datefield 4. > ‘Apply to All’ Dealing with problems in the design IPCC recognised shortcomings of GWPs Integration period result in different values Revisions are required based on changes in atmospheric concentrations Difficult to extend to short-lived radiative forcers Other metrics also have shortcomings

9. To add pre-formatted bullets please use the Increase/Decrease Indent buttons found in the PowerPoint menu Ad Presentation title, location and date 1. Choose ’View’ from topmenu 2. Choose Header and Footer’ 3. Write Presentation Title and Department in footerfield WITH CAPITAL LETTERS and write date in datefield 4. > ‘Apply to All’ Implications of changing metric Requires understanding of The differences between concepts and scientific basis The advantages/disadvantages, assumptions, limitations and uncertainties involved The impacts on mitigation actions, targets and the markets Also requires consideration of Time-scales for implementing changes of metrics E.g. The current metrics are used domestic legislation such as EU ETS and require certainty over defined operational periods Reworking and re-evaluation of inventories Communications to key stakeholders and the public

10. To add pre-formatted bullets please use the Increase/Decrease Indent buttons found in the PowerPoint menu Ad Presentation title, location and date 1. Choose ’View’ from topmenu 2. Choose Header and Footer’ 3. Write Presentation Title and Department in footerfield WITH CAPITAL LETTERS and write date in datefield 4. > ‘Apply to All’ Conclusions  GWP has been adopted and reconfirmed by Parties to UNFCCC for determination of GHG emissions  GWP has proven to be a robust and practical metric  Other metrics also have shortcomings and have not been subject to test through use under the UNFCCC  Changing metrics would require a major revision of assessment of emissions and has implications for policies, markets, target setting and monitoring progress  The EU supports the continued use of GWPs under the UNFCCC and looks forward to consideration of relevant material in the AR5

11. To add pre-formatted bullets please use the Increase/Decrease Indent buttons found in the PowerPoint menu Ad Presentation title, location and date 1. Choose ’View’ from topmenu 2. Choose Header and Footer’ 3. Write Presentation Title and Department in footerfield WITH CAPITAL LETTERS and write date in datefield 4. > ‘Apply to All’ Acknowledgements With thanks to: Myles Allen, Tina Christensen, Bill Collins,Jolene Cook,Laila Gohar, Anke Herold, Nick Howarth, Phillip O’Brien, Alex Lorenz, Malte Meinshausen, Keith Shine, Christiane Textor, David Warrilow.