1. METAL DETECTORS: PERFORMANCES AND APPLICATIONS Oleksandr Okhrimenko Institute for Nuclear Research NAS of Ukraine, Kiev

2. Introduction Metal Detectors for Ion beams: from keV to TeV – MD at Mass-spectrometer (keV) – MD at Tandems (MeV) – MD at HIT (MeV) – MD at HERA-B (GeV) – MD at LHCb (TeV) Metal Detectors for Synchrotron Radiation (ESRF) Conclusions Content 01.10.2014O. Okhrimenko, Franch-Ukraine Workshop, Orsay, France2

3. 01.10.2014O. Okhrimenko, Franch-Ukraine Workshop, Orsay, France3 Introduction: MD Positive charge appears at the integrator and is measured. To improve the extraction of the secondary electrons an accelerating electric field is applied around the strip. MD is a metal foil or strip connected to the sensitive Charge Integrator. Principle of operation – Second Electron Emission from metal surface (10-50 nm) caused by projectile charge particles.

4. Metal Detectors 23.05.2013O. Okhrimenko, LAL-Ukraine Workshop, Orsay, France4 MD was developed at KINR in close collaboration with IMD (Kiev), MPIfK (Heidelberg) and DESY (Hamburg). Metal Foil Detectors (MFD) – radiation and luminosity Monitoring (HERA-B, LHCb). Al foils of 20–50 μm thick, any shape and size. Metal Micro Detectors (MMD) – online beam profile and intensity measurement. Ni strips upto 1 μm thick. TimePix in Metal mode – beam imaging. 256×256 pixel detector with pixel size of 55 μm.

5. Metal Detectors Characteristic 23.05.2013O. Okhrimenko, LAL-Ukraine Workshop, Orsay, France5 Can detect charged particle fluence starting from 10 3 particles per sensor. Radiation tolerance (100 MRad). Low amount of material (upto 1 μm). Low operation voltages (tens of V). Perfect spatial resolution (for MMD ~ 10 μm).

6. Metal Detectors 23.05.2013O. Okhrimenko, LAL-Ukraine Workshop, Orsay, France6

7. MD at Mass-spectrometer (keV) 01.10.2014O. Okhrimenko, Franch-Ukraine Workshop, Orsay, France7 Institute of Applied Physics NASU, Sumy, Ukraine. Ions: H – Pb, 1 + ≤ Z ≤ 4 +, 3 – 80 keV

8. MD at Tandems (MeV) 01.10.2014O. Okhrimenko, Franch-Ukraine Workshop, Orsay, France8 Tandem at Max-Planck Institute of Nuclear Physics Left part: BPM (50 × 50 mm 2 ). Proton beam axis is perpendicular to the BPM plane. Right part: Proton beam profile measured by the BPM.

9. MD at HIT (MeV) 01.10.2014O. Okhrimenko, Franch-Ukraine Workshop, Orsay, France9 Beams energy: 50 – 430 MeV/nucleon. Particles: protons, alpha, carbon and oxygen ions. Intensity: from 10 6 to 2*10 9 particles/s depending on particles type. Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT) June 2014

10. MD at HIT (MeV) 01.10.2014O. Okhrimenko, Franch-Ukraine Workshop, Orsay, France10 protons, 86.72 MeV, intensity 8*10 7, brass slit collimator, Tframe = 1ms

11. MD at HIT (MeV) 01.10.2014O. Okhrimenko, Franch-Ukraine Workshop, Orsay, France11 12 C ions, 10 AMeV, intensity 2*10 6, brass slit collimator, Tframe = 1 ms

12. MD at HERA-B (GeV) 01.10.2014O. Okhrimenko, Franch-Ukraine Workshop, Orsay, France12 12-sector MFD for the luminosity/ background monitoring was installed at the exit window of VELO 8 metal-target-detectors generating 8 Interaction Points, simultaneously, at the 920 GeV proton beam halo.

13. MD at LHCb (TeV) RMS LHCb – forward spectrometer, located at LHC. Proton-proton interaction at 14 TeV, L = 2×10 32 cm −2 s −1. Goal: CP violation and rare decays of B-mesons. RMS: 28 MFD sensors 11 × 75 cm 2. Radiation loads on Si-sensors, background, luminosity. 01.10.2014O. Okhrimenko, Franch-Ukraine Workshop, Orsay, France13

14. MD for Synchrotron Radiation (ESRF) 01.10.2014O. Okhrimenko, Franch-Ukraine Workshop, Orsay, France14 ESRF beamline ID17: Energy: 150 keV (20 – 500 keV). Intensity: 2.7*10 11 photons/(s*mm 2 )

15. Conclusions 01.10.2014O. Okhrimenko, Franch-Ukraine Workshop, Orsay, France15

16. Thank You for attention!