1. Analyzing Redundancy in Bridge Deck Superstructures Using Finite Element Modeling By Whitney Hill Mentor: Dr. William McCarthy

2. Preview  Introduction  Computer Methods  Methods  Results  Conclusions

3. Introduction  Redundancy in Bridges  Definition  Reasons for Redundancy  Diaphragms

4. Introduction  Purpose  Previous Research on Redundant Systems  Cost  Examples of Non- Redundant Systems  Mianus River Bridge  Hoan Bridge in Milwaukee, Wisconsin  Silver Bridge in Ohio Hoan Bridge Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Before and after failure

5. Finite Element Modeling Risa 2D Two Dimensional Computer Program Sap 2000 Three Dimensional Computer Program Computer Methods

6.  Part 1: Models of the bridges are tested using Risa 2D  Part 2: The best representative model(s) are analyzed in Risa 2D  Part 3: A model similar to the best representative model found in Part 2 is done tested in Sap 2000 Project Parts

7. Methods Part 1  Working with Risa 2D  Horizontal Bracing  Cross Bracing  Loads  Reasons

8. Examples of Models M2

9. Examples of Models M2

10. Methods Part 2  Analysis  Testing  Results Output

11. Methods Part 3  Sap 2000

12. Results Member Forces  Horizontally Braced M2M2

13. Results Member Forces  Cross Braced M2M2

14. Results Joint Reactions  Horizontally Braced  Cross Braced

15. Results Member Forces Horizontally Braced Member Label Axial (kip) Shear (kip) Moment (kip*ft) M27.429-4.0690 7.429-4.0696.104 7.42-3.91112.015 7.42-3.91117.882 7.42-3.91123.75

16. Results Member Forces Cross Braced Member Label Axial (kip) Shear (kip) Moment (kip*ft) M25.01-1.251-0.002 5.01-1.2511.875 5.01-1.2513.751 5.01-1.2515.628 5.01-1.2517.504

17. Results Deflected Shape

18. Results  Deflected Shape

19. Conclusion  Horizontally versus Cross Braced  A horizontally braced frame has a more uniform load distribution than a cross braced frame.  Future Work  Continuing with Sap 2000

20. References Barker, Richard M. and Jay A. Puckett. Design of Highway Bridges. New York. Wiley- Interscience Publication. 1997. Summary of Hoan Bridge Failure Investigation and Retrofit. Lichtenstein Consulting Engineers. 04/05/07.http://www.lce.us/Hoan/summary.htm Daniel Webster Hoan Bridge. Lichtenstein Consulting Engineers. 04/05/07. http://www.lce.us/Hoan/

21. Questions? Or Comments?