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SBI4U – Grade 12 Biology
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Outline Animal of the Day! Enzyme basics DNA Forensics Digestive Disorders
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Mr. Wang Background in marine biology and biological invasion Science rules Loves playing tennis and video games Has one super power!
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Animal of the day! The Texas horned lizard Defense mechanism: shoot blood at predators ◦ Out of its eyes! The blood is mixed with foul-smelling chemicals
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Enzymes Breakdown substances Protein catalyst Specific to substrate Present in every cell Pharmaceutical Industry Develops, produces, and markets medical drugs
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Doctors measure the amount and type of an enzyme to determine any diseases Ex. Damaged liver
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2 practises (Enzyme Therapy and Enzyme Replacement Therapy) Suggested for people over 35 years of age Plant-based enzymes are preferred over animal derived enzymes Many different kinds of capsules Take once with every meal
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Provides therapeutic benefits ◦ Enhance circulatory and immune systems ◦ Quicker healing ◦ Better stamina Consume between meals The practise is increasing in popularity
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There are supplements for this disorder Lactase is the enzyme Acidic environment Better alternative for some people
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There are enzymes in skin care products ◦ Rosecea ◦ Face Wash
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Forensics and Fluorescence in the Study of DNA
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Forensics Application of multiple areas of sciences to answer questions pertaining to a legal system Criminalistics, Pathology, Botany, Archaeology are a few examples of forensic fields
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DNA Profiling A sample of a persons DNA is taken from a buccal swab Cross referenced or compared against another sample to check for similarities and differences 13 unique DNA regions, or loci, are scanned These regions or loci vary from person to person and create the persons profile
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Forensic Serology Finding and classifying body fluids such as perspiration, fecal matter saliva, and blood In charge of the most important evidence in forensics Used in DNA analysis and DNA profiling
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Restriction Enzymes Used to manipulate DNA Assist the insertion of genes during gene cloning because it allows flexibility when testing gene fragments Used to distinguish gene alleles by recognizing single based changes in DNA Cut the DNA like scissors at specific points in the sequence
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RFLP Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analyzing variable lengths of DNA using a restriction endonuclease Technique doesn’t work if sample has been degraded by environmental factors like dirt
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Fluorescence Fluorescence: light exuded by the absorption of a source of light or radiation Used to detect various segments of DNA strands Crucial to DNA sequencing, DNA chip technology, and structure of proteins
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Enzymes in DNA Enzymes along with proteins are needed and mainly used to synthesize new DNA Synthesis: Artificial union of chemicals/elements to form chemical compounds
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Enzyme: Helicase Enzyme used to unwind double helix of DNA Aids in repair and preservation of damaged DNA (shown by fluorescence) Inhibits unwanted recombination
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Digestive Disorders
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What are Digestive Enzymes?
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Indigestion
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Obesity
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Celiac and Gluten Intolerance
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Lactose Intolerance
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Pancreatitis
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Any Questions?
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1. Name 2 things you learned today 2. What did you find interesting? 3. What do you want to see more or less of?
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