1. Rebuilding The Walls Lesson 17 Nehemiah 1:1-7:73a (Waldron, p. 98-105) Wednesday August 11, 2010

2. Key Dates and Events 605 B.C. – Captivity Begins (1 st Wave of Captives). 539 B.C. – Babylon Falls to Persia. 538 B.C-536 B.C. – Cyrus releases captives; 1 st return; Temple foundation. 520 B.C. – Prophecies of Haggai and Zechariah. 520-516 B.C. – Temple construction resumed and finished. 484 B.C. – Esther and Mordecai (3 rd year of Ahasuerus, Xerxes). 458 B.C. – Ezra and 2 nd return. Worship restored. (7 th of Artaxerxes.) 445 B.C. – Nehemiah and 3 rd return. Jerusalem’s walls are rebuilt. (20 th year of Artaxerxes’ reign.)

3. Kings of Medo-Persian Empire (539-331 B.C.) 559-530 B.C. – Cyrus 530-522 B.C. – Cambyses (Ahasuerus and Artaxerxes of Ezra 4:6-7) 521-486 B.C. – Darius I, the Great (Ezra 4:24-6:22)  Annexed Grecian provinces of Thrace and Macedon  490 B.C. – Defeated by Greeks at Marathon. 486-465 B.C. – Xerxes I (Ahasuerus of Esther, 484 B.C.)  480 B.C. – Captured Athens, burned acropolis.  479 B.C. – Devastating loss at Plataea. 465-425 B.C. – Artaxerxes Longimanus (Ezra 7-10, 458 B.C.; Nehemiah 2:1, 445 B.C., Malachi’s time) 425 B.C. – Xerxes II 425 B.C. – Sogdianus 424-405 B.C. – Darius II 405-359 B.C. – Artaxerxes Mnemon 359-338 B.C. – Artaxerxes Ochus 338-336 B.C. – Arses 336-331 B.C. – Darius III (lost to Alexander the Great) Years of Silence

4. Today’s Outline – Nehemiah 1:1-7:73a 1:1-11 – Nehemiah’s distress and prayer. 2:1-10 – Nehemiah goes to Jerusalem (3 rd return). 2:11-20 – “Let us rise up and build.” 3:1-32 – Construction assignment by family. 4:1-23 – Defense against physical attack. 5:1-19 – Nehemiah deals with usury. 6:1-16 – Nehemiah’s enemies seek to entrap him. 6:17-19 – Fraternizing with the enemy. 7:1-4 – Appointment of governors. 7:5-73a – Genealogy of 1 st return.

5. Questions Nehemiah Goes To Jerusalem (Nehemiah 1:1-2:10) 1. What lessons can be learned from Nehemiah's response to the king's inquiry?

6. The Distress of Nehemiah … as I was in Shushan the citadel, that Hanani one of my brethren came with men from Judah; and I asked them concerning the Jews who had escaped, who had survived the captivity, and concerning Jerusalem. And they said to me, “The survivors who are left from the captivity in the province are there in great distress and reproach. The wall of Jerusalem is also broken down, and its gates are burned with fire.” So it was, when I heard these words, that I sat down and wept, and mourned for many days; I was fasting and praying before the God of heaven. (Nehemiah 1:1-4)

7. The Prayer of Nehemiah … And I said: “I pray, LORD God of heaven, O great and awesome God, You who keep Your covenant and mercy with those who love You and observe Your commandments, please let Your ear be attentive and Your eyes open, that You may hear the prayer of Your servant which I pray before You now, day and night, for the children of Israel Your servants, and confess the sins of the children of Israel which we have sinned against You. Both my father's house and I have sinned. We have acted very corruptly against You, and have not kept the commandments, the statutes, nor the ordinances which You commanded Your servant Moses. Remember, I pray, the word that You commanded Your servant Moses, saying, ‘If you are unfaithful, I will scatter you among the nations; but if you return to Me, and keep My commandments and do them, though some of you were cast out to the farthest part of the heavens, yet I will gather them from there, and bring them to the place which I have chosen as a dwelling for My name.’ Now these are Your servants and Your people, whom You have redeemed by Your great power, and by Your strong hand. O Lord, I pray, please let Your ear be attentive to the prayer of Your servant, and to the prayer of Your servants who desire to fear Your name; and let Your servant prosper this day, I pray, and grant him mercy in the sight of this man.” For I was the king's cupbearer. (Nehemiah 1:5-11)

8. Three Parties Respond … I took the wine and gave it to the king. Now I had never been sad in his presence before. Therefore the king said to me, “Why is your face sad, since you are not sick? This is nothing but sorrow of heart.” So I became dreadfully afraid, and said to the king, “May the king live forever! Why should my face not be sad, when the city, the place of my fathers' tombs, lies waste, and its gates are burned with fire?” Then the king said to me, “What do you request?” So I prayed to the God of heaven. And I said to the king, “If it pleases the king, and if your servant has found favor in your sight, I ask that you send me to Judah, to the city of my fathers' tombs, that I may rebuild it.” Then the king said to me (the queen also sitting beside him), “How long will your journey be? And when will you return?” So it pleased the king to send me; and I set him a time. Furthermore I said to the king, “If it pleases the king, let letters be given to me for the governors of the region beyond the River … And the king granted them to me according to the good hand of my God upon me. (Nehemiah 2:1-8)

9. Questions Nehemiah Goes To Jerusalem (Nehemiah 1:1-2:10) 1. What lessons can be learned from Nehemiah's response to the king's inquiry? “Let us rise up and build” (Nehemiah 2:11-3:32) 2. What was the reaction of the people – and their enemies – to Nehemiah's plan? 3. What difficulties did some of the families overcome, so they could help in the rebuilding?

10. The Reaction … of the Enemies Then I went to the governors in the region beyond the River, and gave them the king's letters. Now the king had sent captains of the army and horsemen with me. When Sanballat the Horonite and Tobiah the Ammonite official heard of it, they were deeply disturbed that a man had come to seek the well-being of the children of Israel. (Nehemiah 2:9-10)

11. “Surveying the Walls” So I came to Jerusalem and was there three days. Then I arose in the night, I and a few men with me; I told no one what my God had put in my heart to do at Jerusalem; nor was there any animal with me, except the one on which I rode. And I went out by night through the Valley Gate to the Serpent Well and the Refuse Gate, and viewed the walls of Jerusalem which were broken down and its gates which were burned with fire. Then I went on to the Fountain Gate and to the King's Pool, but there was no room for the animal under me to pass. So I went up in the night by the valley, and viewed the wall; then I turned back and entered by the Valley Gate, and so returned. And the officials did not know where I had gone or what I had done; I had not yet told the Jews, the priests, the nobles, the officials, or the others who did the work. (Nehemiah 2:11-16)

12. The Reaction … of the Leaders Then I said to them, “You see the distress that we are in, how Jerusalem lies waste, and its gates are burned with fire. Come and let us build the wall of Jerusalem, that we may no longer be a reproach.” And I told them of the hand of my God which had been good upon me, and also of the king's words that he had spoken to me. So they said, “Let us rise up and build.” Then they set their hands to this good work. But when Sanballat the Horonite, Tobiah the Ammonite official, and Geshem the Arab heard of it, they laughed at us and despised us, and said, “What is this thing that you are doing? Will you rebel against the king?” So I answered them, and said to them, “The God of heaven Himself will prosper us; therefore we His servants will arise and build, but you have no heritage or right or memorial in Jerusalem.” (Nehemiah 2:17-20)

13. Construction Assignments by Family Then Eliashib the high priest rose up with his brethren the priests and built the Sheep Gate; they consecrated it and hung its doors. They built as far as the Tower of the Hundred, and consecrated it, then as far as the Tower of Hananel. … Next to them the Tekoites made repairs; but their nobles did not put their shoulders to the work of their Lord. … Next to him Uzziel the son of Harhaiah, one of the goldsmiths, made repairs. Also next to him Hananiah, one of the perfumers, made repairs; and they fortified Jerusalem as far as the Broad Wall. And next to them Rephaiah the son of Hur, leader of half the district of Jerusalem, made repairs. … And next to him was Shallum the son of Hallohesh, leader of half the district of Jerusalem; he and his daughters made repairs. … After him Baruch the son of Zabbai carefully repaired the other section, from the buttress to the door of the house of Eliashib the high priest. … After them the Tekoites repaired another section, next to the great projecting tower, and as far as the wall of Ophel. (Nehemiah 3:1-32) Work was assumed by family. Each family demonstrated work ethic:

14. Questions Defending Against Physical Attack (Nehemiah 4:1-23) 4. Why were the walls constructed so rapidly? 5. How did Nehemiah compensate for the problems facing the people?

15. “The people had a mind to work.” for the people had a mind to work But it so happened, when Sanballat heard that we were rebuilding the wall, that he was furious and very indignant, and mocked the Jews. And he spoke before his brethren and the army of Samaria, and said, “What are these feeble Jews doing? Will they fortify themselves? Will they offer sacrifices? Will they complete it in a day? Will they revive the stones from the heaps of rubbish -- stones that are burned?” Now Tobiah the Ammonite was beside him, and he said, “Whatever they build, if even a fox goes up on it, he will break down their stone wall.” Hear, O our God, for we are despised; turn their reproach on their own heads, and give them as plunder to a land of captivity! Do not cover their iniquity, and do not let their sin be blotted out from before You; for they have provoked You to anger before the builders. So we built the wall, and the entire wall was joined together up to half its height, for the people had a mind to work. (Nehemiah 4:1-6)

16. Confront the Lions! “The lazy man says, ‘There is a lion outside! I shall be slain in the streets!’" (Proverbs 22:13; 26:13) “The lazy man is wiser in his own eyes than seven men who can answer sensibly.” (Proverbs 26:16) “The lazy man will not plow because of winter; He will beg during harvest and have nothing.” (Proverbs 20:4) “The way of the lazy man is like a hedge of thorns, but the way of the upright is a highway.” (Proverbs 15:19) He who observes the wind will not sow, and he who regards the clouds will not reap. As you do not know what is the way of the wind, or how the bones grow in the womb of her who is with child, so you do not know the works of God who makes everything. In the morning sow your seed, and in the evening do not withhold your hand; For you do not know which will prosper, Either this or that, Or whether both alike will be good.” (Ecclesiastes 11:4-6)

17. Focusing on the Threat of Violence Now it happened, when Sanballat, Tobiah, the Arabs, the Ammonites, and the Ashdodites heard that the walls of Jerusalem were being restored and the gaps were beginning to be closed, that they became very angry, and all of them conspired together to come and attack Jerusalem and create confusion. Nevertheless we made our prayer to our God, and because of them we set a watch against them day and night. Then Judah said, “The 1 strength of the laborers is failing, and there is 2 so much rubbish that we are not able to build the wall." And our adversaries said, “They will neither know nor see anything, till 3 we come into their midst and kill them and cause the work to cease.” So it was, when the Jews who dwelt near them came, that 4 they told us ten times, “From whatever place you turn, they will be upon us.” Therefore I positioned men behind the lower parts of the wall, at the openings; and I set the people according to their families, with their swords, their spears, and their bows. And I looked, and arose and said to the nobles, to the leaders, and to the rest of the people, “Do not be afraid of them. 1 Remember the Lord, great and awesome, and fight for 2 your brethren, 3 your sons, 4 your daughters, 5 your wives, and 6 your houses." (Nehemiah 4:7-14)

18. Maintaining Progress – Sacrifice And it happened, when our enemies heard that it was known to us, and that God had brought their plot to nothing, that all of us returned to the wall, everyone to his work. So it was, from that time on, that half of my servants worked at construction, while the other half held the spears, the shields, the bows, and wore armor; and the leaders were behind all the house of Judah. Those who built on the wall, and those who carried burdens, loaded themselves so that with one hand they worked at construction, and with the other held a weapon. Every one of the builders had his sword girded at his side as he built. And the one who sounded the trumpet was beside me. Then I said to the nobles, the rulers, and the rest of the people, “The work is great and extensive, and we are separated far from one another on the wall. Wherever you hear the sound of the trumpet, rally to us there. Our God will fight for us." So we labored in the work, and half of the men held the spears from daybreak until the stars appeared. At the same time I also said to the people, “Let each man and his servant stay at night in Jerusalem, that they may be our guard by night and a working party by day." So neither I, my brethren, my servants, nor the men of the guard who followed me took off our clothes, except that everyone took them off for washing. (Nehemiah 4:15-23)

19. Questions Defending Against Physical Attack (Nehemiah 4:1-23) 4. Why were the walls constructed so rapidly? 5. How did Nehemiah compensate for the problems facing the people? Nehemiah Deals With Usury (Nehemiah 5:1-19) 6. What was wrong with the nobles expecting interest and repayment of debts owed them? 7. What can we learn from Nehemiah's example as a leader and manager?

20. The Problem of Usury And there was a great outcry of the people and their wives against their Jewish brethren. For there were those who said, “We, our sons, and our daughters are many; therefore let us get grain, that we may eat and live.” There were also some who said, “We have mortgaged our lands and vineyards and houses, that we might buy grain because of the famine.” There were also those who said, “We have borrowed money for the king's tax on our lands and vineyards. Yet now our flesh is as the flesh of our brethren, our children as their children; and indeed we are forcing our sons and our daughters to be slaves, and some of our daughters have been brought into slavery. It is not in our power to redeem them, for other men have our lands and vineyards." And I became very angry when I heard their outcry and these words. After serious thought, I rebuked the nobles and rulers, and said to them, “Each of you is exacting usury from his brother.” So I called a great assembly against them. (Nehemiah 5:1-7) (Exodus 22:25; Leviticus 25:35-41; and Deuteronomy 23:19-20)

21. The Rectification of Usury And I said to them, “According to our ability we have redeemed our Jewish brethren who were sold to the nations. Now indeed, will you even sell your brethren? Or should they be sold to us?” Then they were silenced and found nothing to say. Then I said, “What you are doing is not good. Should you not walk in the fear of our God because of the reproach of the nations, our enemies? I also, with my brethren and my servants, am lending them money and grain. Please, let us stop this usury! Restore now to them, even this day, their lands, their vineyards, their olive groves, and their houses, also a hundredth of the money and the grain, the new wine and the oil, that you have charged them.” So they said, “We will restore it, and will require nothing from them; we will do as you say.” Then I called the priests, and required an oath from them that they would do according to this promise. Then I shook out the fold of my garment and said, “So may God shake out each man from his house, and from his property, who does not perform this promise. Even thus may he be shaken out and emptied.” And all the assembly said, “Amen!” and praised the LORD. Then the people did according to this promise. (Nehemiah 5:8-13)

22. “Not Lording Over” Moreover, from the time that I was appointed to be their governor in the land of Judah, from the twentieth year until the thirty-second year of King Artaxerxes, twelve years, neither I nor my brothers ate the governor's provisions. But the former governors who were before me laid burdens on the people, and took from them bread and wine, besides forty shekels of silver. Yes, even their servants bore rule over the people, but I did not do so, because of the fear of God. Indeed, I also continued the work on this wall, and we did not buy any land. All my servants were gathered there for the work. And at my table were one hundred and fifty Jews and rulers, besides those who came to us from the nations around us. Now that which was prepared daily was one ox and six choice sheep. Also fowl were prepared for me, and once every ten days an abundance of all kinds of wine. Yet in spite of this I did not demand the governor's provisions, because the bondage was heavy on this people. Remember me, my God, for good, according to all that I have done for this people. (Nehemiah 5:14- 19) (Matthew 20:25-28; John 13:1-17; I Peter 5:3)

23. Leaders, First and Foremost Servants But Jesus called them to Himself and said, “You know that the rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and those who are great exercise authority over them. Yet it shall not be so among you; but whoever desires to become great among you, let him be your servant. And whoever desires to be first among you, let him be your slave -- just as the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give His life a ransom for many." (Matthew 20:25-28) … “Do you know what I have done to you? You call me Teacher and Lord, and you say well, for so I am. If I then, your Lord and Teacher, have washed your feet, you also ought to wash one another's feet. For I have given you an example, that you should do as I have done to you. Most assuredly, I say to you, a servant is not greater than his master; nor is he who is sent greater than he who sent him. If you know these things, blessed are you if you do them.” (John 13:1-17) “not as being lords over … but being examples” (I Peter 5:3)

24. Key Lessons – True Leadership Awareness, concern, sympathy, and love for God’s people. “Pray without ceasing” (I Thessalonians 5:17). Survey the walls (“walk circumspectly”, Ephesians 5:15). Position and pride are sacrificed for others’ good. Endure ridicule, scorn, intimidation, and threats to do God’s work. Endure discouragement from within (Tekoites’ nobles). Potential of a united, consuming effort (Genesis 11:6). Focus on the primary threat. Do not be distracted. Remember your motivation and source of strength. “Burn the midnight oil” (Mark 6:30-34; I Thessalonians 3:6-15; Proverbs 31:10- 31). Keep God’s law carefully (usury, genealogy, Levite priests). Do not take advantage of your brethren. “Silence those who contradict” through questions according to the standard. Lead through service and sacrifice (“last shall be first”). Do not fraternize with the enemy. Must not be afraid to “rock the boat”. Be “proactive” not “reactive” (placing governors in the city)

25. Questions Nehemiah's enemies seek to entrap him (Nehemiah 6:1-19) 8. Why did Nehemiah not visit with Tobiah? 9. Contrast Nehemiah's “relationship building skills” with those of other Jews (Nehemiah 6:17-19).

26. No Fraternization, No Quarter Sanballat sought to meet with Nehemiah 4 times (Nehemiah 6:1-4). An open, threatening letter was sent accusing Nehemiah of treason and rebellion (Nehemiah 6:5-10) Nehemiah was implored to flee for safety in the temple (Nehemiah 6:10-14). Wall was finished in 52 days! Many in Judah were “pledged” to Tobiah:  Letters were sent between Tobiah and other Jews.  Some were married into Tobiah’s family and vice-versa.  Some repeatedly spoke favorably of Tobiah to Nehemiah.  Some reported Nehemiah’s words back to Tobiah. Nehemiah did not entangle himself in “bridge building”. Why?

27. Questions Nehemiah's enemies seek to entrap him (Nehemiah 6:1-19) 8. Why did Nehemiah not visit with Tobiah? 9. Contrast Nehemiah's “relationship building skills” with those of other Jews (Nehemiah 6:17-19). Nehemiah's Advancements (Nehemiah 7:1-73a) 10. What was the primary function of these “governors”? 11. What purpose might Nehemiah's recording of the genealogy have served?

28. Governors and Genealogies The city was under populated. Nehemiah set up “governors” to watch or guard over the city, especially around a person’s house (Nehemiah 7:1- 4). Nehemiah registered the genealogy of the people then (Nehemiah 7:5-73a). And, he also included the genealogy of the first return. Emphasis on Carefulness: Some Levites were excluded (Nehemiah 7:61-65)