1. Genitourinary Blueprint
PANCE Blueprint

2. GU Tract Conditions Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) presents with polyuria, nocturia, hesitancy, urgency and weak urinary stream.  
Symptoms of BPH appear gradually over a number of years
Incidence increase with age 
BPH is not believed to be a risk factor for prostate cancer

3. Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
Differential diagnosis includes:  urethral stricture, bladder neck contracture, carcinoma of the prostate, carcinoma of the bladder, bladder calculi, urinary tract infection, prostatitis, and neurogenic bladder
Recommended test is urinalysis and serum PSA and renal panel
Patients with symptoms should have a digital rectal exam to assess prostate size and detect nodules and malignancy
Optional tests include maximal urinary flow rate (normal > 15 mL/sec), post residual urine volume, and urine cytology
Many agents used for treatment of BPH
Alpha 1 Adrenergic Antagonists (Terazosin, Doxazosin, and Tamsulosin) act against the dynamic component of bladder outlet obstruction by relaxing smooth muscle in the bladder neck, prostate capsule, and the prostatic urethra

4. Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
-5 Alpha Reductase Inhibitors (Finasteride and Dutasteride) act by reducing the size of the prostate gland
Patients with frequency, urgency, and incontinence may be due to an overactive bladder
Surgical treatment for BPH includes TURP (transurethral resection of the prostate) 
Open Prostatectomy can be for those who fail TURP
Urethral stent may be effective for selected patients

5. Congenital Abnormalities
Renal Agenesis- is almost always unilateral and does not cause symptoms.  It is when the kidney is absent or underdeveloped
Renal Hypoplasia-this appears as one small kidney with the other one larger than normal.  Small kidneys have small arteries that can lead to hypertension.  A nephrectomy maybe needed to correct this.  
Supernumerary Kidneys-third kidney is very rare and not be confused with the relatively common unilateral duplication of the renal pelvis