1. Mary Stuart

2. Mary Stuart – early life
Mary Stuart was born in 1542 to the King James V of Scotland and his French wife Marie of Guise. Her mother was strict Catholic and Mary was Catholic all her life too.
James V died 6 days after her birth - Mary acceded the throne
When she was 6 months old Henry VIII started to negotiate the engagement to his son Edward on Mary.
Henry VIII wanted to unit the both kingdoms England and Scotland. He also wanted Scots to break their traditional alliance with France. Mary’s mother did not agree with the marriage of Mary and Edward and she hid her in Stirling castle.

3. Mary Stuart – early life 2
At the age of nine months Mary
was coronated Queen of Scotland.
The King Henry VIII insisted on
marriage of his son and Mary
Henry VIII made many millitary actions on Scotland - this is called the “rough wooing”.
When Scots suffered a defeat at the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh in 1546, Mary was sent to France and she was engaged to the French prince Francois

4. Mary Stuart – early life 3
At the age of five, Mary started
to live at the French court.
She was very well educated here
In 1558 she married the French
Prince Francois
Francois was coronated the French King in 1559
Her husband died afer one year of his rule and Mary returned to Scotland.
Francois II and Mary Stuart

5. Claim to the English throne
Under the ordinary laws of succession, Mary was next in line to the English throne after her cousin, Queen Elisabeth I., who was childless
In the eyes of many Catholics
Elizabeth was illegitimate,
making Mary the true heir.
Elisabeth I

6. The second marriage In 1560 Mary Stuart married lord Darnley.
Darnley was jealous of Mary's friendship
with her private secretary, David Riccio
Mary and Darnley didn‘t live together
Darnley with his men killed David Riccio. Then Mary became a prisoner of her husband in her own castle.
She escaped and started to live in her other castle Dunbar 
Lord Darnley

7. The third marriage In 1566 Mary’s son James was born.
In 1567 her husband Darnley was
assisinated by Earl of Bothwell and his men.
When Mary was going to visit her son James to Stirling, she was abducted by Earl Bothwell and taken to Dunbar Castle.
One month later Bothwell and Mary got married. Scotland was shocked, because he was Protestant and he also was generally believed to be guilty of the assassination of Mary’s former husband.
Earl of Bothwell

8.  Imprisonment
After the marriage of Mary and Bothwell the Scottish nobility turned against them and raised an army.
The Lords who were against Mary, imprisoned her in Loch Leven Castle, situated on an island in the middle of Loch Leven.
In this imprisonment Mary miscarred the twins.

9. Abdication and Escape to England
On July , Mary was forced to abdicate the Scottish throne in favour of her one-year-old son James.
In 1568 Mary escaped from Loch Leven and managed to raise a small army. After her army's defeat at the Battle of Langside she escaped to England.

10. Life in England
Mary wanted to meet with Elizabeth I-her cousin, but she refused her.
Elizabeth knew, that would be better to hold Mary in England so she imprisoned her until she could clear herself of the accusations of Lord Darnley's murder.
Mary had been in prison for nineteen years before she was executed.

11. Babington plot
In early 1587, Catholic supporters of Mary managed the assassination of Elizabeth I so Mary could take her rightful seat at the throne. Mary was involved in it and it was fateful to her.
A long series of Roman Catholic plots against Elisabeth, culminating in this plot, led to Elisabeth's ministers demanding Mary's execution.

12. The execution In the morning of 8 February 1587 Mary was executed.
She was executed at the age of 44 and buried fistly at Peterborough Cathedral and then in Westminster Cathedral.
All of Europe was schocked

13. Mary‘s son James James VI of Scotland
He ruled in Scotland as James VI from
1567, when he was one year old. In 1603, as James I, he succeeded the last Tudor- Elizabeth I .
He ruled England, Scotland and Ireland for 22 years.
James VI of Scotland

14. Pictures of Mary Stuart
Miniature portrait of Mary by Francois Clouet,1558
Miniature of Mary 1558

15. Sources <http://sweb.cz/royal-history/m.html
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