1. Values feeling over reason (distrust science) Places faith in the imagination Shuns civilization and seeks nature Prefers innocence to sophistication Fights for individual’s freedom and worth Trusts past wisdom, not progress Reflects on nature to gain spiritual wisdom Finds beauty and truth in supernatural or imaginative realms.

2. 1. Focuses on finding a spiritual truth within nature 2. Glorify the common man 3. Value a return to tradition and form 4. Used the imagination to reveal truths

3. Another branch of Romanticism

4. Herman Melville Nathaniel Hawthorne Edgar Allan Poe

5.  Believed that the Romanticists ignored the darker side of humanity  Believed that humans are not inherently good – prone to sin and self destruction  Believed that nature is dark, dangerous and sinister – reveals truth to man that is hellish and evil  Often focus on individuals who try to make changes for the better and fail

6.  Focus on the psychological effects of guilt and sin.  Conflict between good and evil  People plagued with madness  Strong use of symbolism  Used dark tales of shame, madness, obsession and revenge to emphasize what was hidden in human nature  Considered to be forefathers of the modern thriller, mystery and horror stories

7.  The Raven – Poe  Pit and Pendulum – Poe  Rappaccini's Daughter - Hawthorne

8.  Born: Boston, January 19, 1809  He had 2 siblings, a brother and a sister.  Poe was adopted in 1811 by Mr. and Mrs. John Allan after his mother’s death.  Poe began to drink heavily while in college which eventually lead to him dropping out of college.  Poe joined the army in 1827, did well and later enrolled at West Point.  Poe’s first attempts at being published ended in rejection.

9.  Poe did finally publish some of his work but he was never famous, nor did he ever make a lot of money off of his writing.  Poe’s death in 1849 remains a mystery. He was found in a public house and taken to the hospital.  There are many myths concerning Poe’s death.  Some say he died of alcoholism, others from a beating, some even guess rabies!  To this day no one is completely sure of how or why Edgar Allan Poe died.

10.  Born: Salem, Massachusetts on July 4, 1804  Born into a strict Puritan family  His ancestor, John Hathorne, was one of the judges for the Salem Witch Trials.  His love of reading and thinking began when he injured his leg which forced him to be immobile for some time.  He attended college at Bowdoin College from 1821-1825.  His early writings were published anonymously.

11.  Hawthorne married Sophia Peabody in 1842.  He wrote his most famous piece, The Scarlett Letter after he was fired from his job as a surveyor.  Hawthorne and Herman Melville, who wrote Moby Dick, were close friends.  In 1852, Hawthorne was appointed to the important overseas post of American consul in Liverpool, England.  Hawthorne and his wife eventually moved back to the United States where he passed away from unknown health complications in 1864.