1. Ahfad University for Women School of Medicine Basic and Applied Immunology Course
Dr Rayan Gamal Goda
2nd Year Registrar
Soba University Hospital
Clinical Immunology and Allergy MD Programme
Sudan Medical Specialization Board
Member of Sudanese society for clinical immunology and allergy
Member of sudanese Association of Rheumatology

2. Course Objectives
Offer a quick revision of basic immunology, and covers important topics in clinical immunology.
Emphasize the role of immunology in current medical practice
Walk you through important, difficult topics.
More importantly to help you understand immunology and simplify this very interesting subject.

3. This course will be... Key point guided, interactive tutorials
All is encouraged to participate
If no one participates; ?? Hello!!!
Write down a list of all topics you want to be covered.
SLE, RA, Primary immunodeficiency...etc
Basically: a tailored course to your needs.

4. This course is for you; please...
Ask and don’t be afraid to know
Participate actively.
Help me help you.

5. What do we know? Where do we stand? ...etc.
Basic Immunology
What do we know? Where do we stand? ...etc.

6. What is ... Immunology Immune Response Components of the immune system
Innate immunity
Adaptive immunity
Tolerance and autoimmunity
Tumour Immunology
Transplantation
Clinical immunology

7. Immune Response
The reaction that occurs in response to the introduction of foreign substances.
Most of medicine and medical practice revolves around this point.
Foreign substances; microbes, cancer cells, chemical substances, ...etc.

8. The Immune Response Innate/ natural or native immunity Components:
Skin
Mucosal Epithelia
Chemical Barriers: e.g. Defensins.
Others: plasma proteins; complement, cytokines, acute phase reactants.
Cells: DCs, phagocytes, NK cells, T& B cells, Mast cells.

9. Adaptive immunity Components: Cell mediated immunity Humoral immunity
Lymphocytes
Antibodies

10. Immune Response

14. Organs of the Immune System
What are the organs of the immune system?
Bone Marrow
Liver
Spleen
Thymus
Lymph nodes
Lymphatic vessels

16. The lymphatic system

17. INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE
Receptors: e.g. Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns, Death Associated Molecular Patterns, ... NOD Like receptors, RIG like receptors, ...etc
Cellular components: Epithelial barriers, Phagocytes, Dendritic Cells, Natural killer cells (NK Cells), B and T lymphocytes with limited specificity, and Mast Cells.

18. Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)
Soluble components: Natural antibodies, acute phase reactants, complement.
Natural Antibodies: e.g. IgM.
Acute Phase Reactants: e.g. IL-8.
Defensins and Cathelicidins.
Soluble Receptors: complement, Pentraxins, , Collectins, and Ficolins.

19. Death Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs)
They play a role in the natural homeostasis of the immune system.
They recognize endogenous molecules that are produced from damaged or dying cells.
Can be: stress induced proteins Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs)
Crystals: Monosodium urate
Nuclear Proteins: HMGB1.

20. Mechanisms Physical barriers Chemical barriers Cellular mechanisms:
PHAGOCYTOSIS ( MACROPHAGES, DCs, B CELLS,...ETC)
NK CELLS: including Natural Killer T cells.
T & B CELLS including ᵞᵟ T cells
MAST CELLS < < WHY? - Eosinophils, and basophils.

25. CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
Phagocytes:
Dendritic cells
Monocytes /Macrophages
Neutrophils
Mast cells
Eosinophils
Basophils

26. Dendritic cells
These are the guru cells, everything in immunology begins with the dendritic cells. Also known as the best Antigen Presenting Cells.

27. PHAGOCYTOSIS

29. Cytokines of Innate Immunity

30. Complement
It is a group of plasma proteins, work to opsonize microbes, promote the recuitment of phagocytes to the site of infection, and sometimes directly kill the microbe.
It is composed of 3 different pathways:
Classical , alternative and Mannose- binding Lectin pathways.
All these pathways meet at C3, to form c5,c6,c7,c8,c9 ... Membrane Attack Complex (MAC).
It can also help to activate B cells, in adaptive immunity.

32. NATURAL KILLER CELLS

33. Inflammation

34. Case study

36. In reflection to what we discussed: how did these problem occur?
How was the immune system involved?
Questions..??

37. THANK YOU!!
If you have a questions, problems, feel free to contact me at any time:
Maybe a group google hangout?!!