1. 1 Chapter 3Atoms and Elements 3.1 Classification of Matter Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

2. 2 Matter Matter is the “stuff” that makes up all things. Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

3. 3 A pure substance is classified as matter with a specific composition. an element when composed of one type of atom. a compound when composed of two or more elements combined in a definite ratio. Pure Substances

4. 4 Elements Elements are pure substances that contains atoms of only one type. Copper, Cu Lead, Pb Aluminum, Al Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

5. 5 Compounds contain two or more elements in a definite ratio. Salt (NaCl) Table sugar (C 12 H 22 O 11 ) Water (H 2 O) Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

6. 6 Elements in a Compound “Table salt” is a compound that contains the elements sodium and chlorine.

7. 7 Mixtures A mixture is a type of matter that consists of two or more substances that are physically mixed, not chemically combined. two or more substances in different proportions. substances that can be separated by physical methods.

8. 8 Physical Separation of a Mixture Example: Pasta and water are separated with a strainer. Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

9. 9 Homogeneous Mixtures In a homogeneous mixture, the composition is uniform throughout. the different parts of the mixture are not visible. Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

10. 10 Heterogeneous Mixtures In a heterogeneous mixture, the composition of substances is not uniform. the composition varies from one part of the mixture to another. the different parts of the mixture are visible. Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

11. 11 Classification of Matter

12. 12 Identify each of the following as a pure substance or a mixture. A. pasta and tomato sauce B. aluminum foil C. helium D. air Learning Check

13. 13 Identify each of the following as a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture: A. hot fudge sundae B. air C. sugar water D. peach pie Learning Check

14. 14 Identify each of the following as a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture: A. hot fudge sundaeheterogeneous mixture B. air homogeneous mixture C. sugar water homogeneous mixture D. peach pie heterogeneous mixture Solution

15. 15 Chapter 3Atoms and Elements 3.2 Elements and Symbols Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

16. 16 Elements are pure substances that cannot be separated into simpler substances by ordinary laboratory processes. the building blocks of matter. gold carbon aluminum Elements

17. 17 Sources of Some Element Names Some elements are named for planets, mythological figures, minerals, colors, scientists, and places.

18. 18 A symbol represents the name of an element. consists of 1 or 2 letters. starts with a capital letter. 1-Letter Symbols 2-Letter Symbols C carbon Co cobalt N nitrogenCa calcium F fluorine Al aluminum O oxygen Mg magnesium Symbols of Elements

19. 19 Several symbols are derived from Latin names as shown below. Cu, copper (cuprum) Au, gold (aurum) Fe, iron (ferrum) Ag, silver (argentum) Symbols from Latin Names Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

20. 20 Physical Properties of Elements The physical properties of an element are observed or measured without changing its identity. include the following: Shape Density ColorMelting point Odor and tasteBoiling point

21. 21 Physical Properties of Elements Some physical properties of copper are: ColorRed-orange LusterVery shiny Melting point1083 °C Boiling point2567 °C Conduction of electricityExcellent Conduction of heatExcellent Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

22. 22 Select the correct symbol for each. A. Calcium 1) C2) Ca3) CA B. Sulfur 1) S2) Sl3) Su C. Iron 1) Ir2) FE3) Fe Learning Check

23. 23 Select the correct name for each symbol. A. N 1) neon 2) nitrogen 3) nickel B. P 1) potassium 2) phlogiston3) phosphorus C. Ag 1) silver 2) agean3) gold Learning Check

24. 24 Select the correct name for each: A. N 2) nitrogen B. P 3) phosphorus C. Ag 1) silver Solution

25. 25 Chapter 3 Atoms and Elements 3.3 The Periodic Table Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

26. 26 Groups and Periods On the periodic table, elements are arranged according to similar properties. groups contain elements with similar properties in vertical columns. periods are horizontal rows of elements.

27. 27 Groups and Periods Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

28. 28 Periodic Table

29. 29 Group Numbers use the letter A for the representative elements (1A to 8A) and the letter B for the transition elements. also use numbers 1-18 to the columns from left to right.

30. 30 Names of Some Representative Elements

31. 31 Alkali Metals Group 1A (1), the alkali metals, includes lithium, sodium, and potassium. Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

32. 32 Halogens Group 7A (17), the halogens, includes chlorine, bromine, and iodine. Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

33. 33 Identify the element described by the following: A. Group 7A (17), Period 4 1) Br2) Cl3) Mn B. Group 2A (2), Period 3 1) beryllium2) boron 3) magnesium C. Group 5A (15), Period 2 1) phosphorus 2) arsenic3) nitrogen Learning Check

34. 34 Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids The heavy zigzag line separates metals and nonmetals. Metals are located to the left. Nonmetals are located to the right. Metalloids are located along the heavy zigzag line between the metals and nonmetals.

35. 35 Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids on the Periodic Table

36. 36 Metals are shiny and ductile. are good conductors of heat and electricity. Nonmetals are dull, brittle, and poor conductors. are good insulators. Metalloids are better conductors than nonmetals, but not as good as metals. are used as semiconductors and insulators. Properties of Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

37. 37 Comparing a Metal, Metalloid, and Nonmetal

38. 38 Identify each of the following elements as 1) metal, 2) nonmetal, or 3) metalloid. A. sodium____ B. chlorine____ C. silicon ____ D. iron____ E. carbon____ Learning Check

39. 39 Match the elements to the description. A. Metals in Group 4A (14) 1) Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn B. Nonmetals in Group 5A (15) 1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P3) N, P, As, Sb C. Metalloids in Group 4A (14) 1) C, Si, Ge, 2) Si, Ge 3) Si, Ge, Sn, Pb Learning Check