1. Review plant adaptations

2. Adaptations for Survival L2: Adaptations in Animals
Learning Objectives:
Describe adaptations of animals living in arctic and desert environments.
Describe how some extremophiles are adapted to extreme environments.
Explain how these adaptations help animals to survive in specific habitats.
Analyse how different features (adaptations) help animals to compete for resources.

3. Competition
Animals compete for a variety of resources and opportunities.
What do animals compete for?
Food
Water
Space (territory)
Mates (reproduction)

4. Think of some possible adaptations (features) that would help animals compete for…
Food
Water
Space (territory)
Mates (reproduction)

5. Adaptations to Different Habitats
What kind of habitat to the these animals live in?
How do you know?
What adaptations do they have to help them survive and better compete against other organisms.

6. Adaptations to Different Environments
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Watch the videos and read the article.
Summarise by filling in the table about the adaptions to arctic and desert environments.

7. Extremophiles
Extremophile = organisms that are adapted to living in extreme conditions
Extremophiles can survive in conditions that would be lethal to most other organisms.
They can be found in some of the most inhabitable seeming environments.

8. Video: hydrothermal vents
Watch the video and answer the following questions:
What are the conditions in the deep sea hydrothermal vent?
What type of organisms were found here?
Scientists were shocked to discovery that life was able to exist when what type of energy was missing?
Where do the organisms get energy from?

9. What are the conditions in the deep sea hydrothermal vent?
High temp, high pressure, poisonous hydrogen sulphide
What type of organisms were found here?
Pompeii worm, mussels, crabs, tube worms
Scientists were shocked to discovery that life was able to exist when what type of energy was missing?
sunlight
Where do the organisms get energy from?
Bacteria are able to get energy from sulphides, source of food chain

10. Case Study: the Pompeii worm
A type of worm living in hydrothermal vents in the deep sea. They are able to survive extremely high temperatures and pressures.
Covered in bacteria that protect it from high temperatures
Feed on bacteria that gain energy from breaking down sulphur compounds (chemosynthesis).
Lives inside a tube to protect it from predators as well as heat.

11. Case Study: Halobacterium
A type of bacteria that is able to withstand extremely high salt environments.
If normal cells are placed in high salt concentrations, water would leave the cells and cause the cells to shrivel.
Halobacteria have special proteins built into their cell wall that prevents this from happening.

12. Case Study: Freeze-resistant frogs
Some frogs are adapted to living in extremely cold environments.
They have chemical reactions in the body that allow it to survive being frozen.
The heart actually stops and the frog hibernates in a frozen state.

13. Adaptations For Protection
Video: Devious Defences
What are some adaptations that would help organisms to protect themselves?
Camouflage
Spines
Thick skin or scales (armour)
Poison
Bright patterns warning predators